Lipalesa, joalo ka batho, li na le lipalo tse fapaneng. Lipalesa tse ling li hapa lipelo le lirapa tsa rona kapele, ha lipalesa tse ling li ba telele ebile li le meutloa. Mme hangata ho thata ho utloisisa hore na sena se amana le eng. Mohlolo o joalo ke palesa ea rhododendron, mohlomong sehlahla se setle haholo se thunyang le se khabisitsoeng se ntseng se hola kahare ho tsela e bohareng.
Hobaneng lipalesa tsa "Xododendron" tsa lekholo la XX li sa fumane balateli ba tsona, ho thata haholo ho utloisisa, empa 'nete ke' nete. Ho makatsa ka ho khetheha hore lilac e re tliselitseng eona lekholong la XVIII e bile palesa ea rona ea matsoalloa, 'me ra hlokomoloha serapa sa Rhododendron se ntseng se hola naheng ea rona ea Russia.
Sehloohong sena re tla bua ka nalane ea limela tsena, re bue ka mefuta e mengata ea li-Rhododendrons, re bonts'ang mefuta e fapaneng ea li-rhododendrons setšoantšong mme re fane ka litlhahiso mabapi le ho lema ha tsona bohareng ba bohareng.
Nalane ea Semela sa Jarete sa Rhododendron
Naheng ea Russia, li-rhododendrons li qala ho hola qetellong ea lekholo la XIX. E. Regel ke e mong oa ba pele ba ho qala moetlo ona ho la Imperial Botanical Garden. Mme haufinyane sebaka sa tlhokomelo ea balemi sa Pomological Garden E. Regel se ile sa fana ka mefuta e 18 ea "rhododendron" e bonolo (Rhododendron molle). Eona E. Regel o ile a tlisa mefuta e leshome le metso e mmedi ea Caucasian Rhododendron (Rh. Caucasicum). Mefuta e fapaneng ea noka le eona e ile ea khethoa. Sejapane (Rh. Japonicum). Le mefuta e fapaneng ea tlhaho e kang r. ea moriri o melala (Rh. hirsutum) le leq. Smirnova (Rh. Smirnowii) le ba bang.
Ka lebaka leo, lirapeng tsa St. Petersburg tsa XX ea morao-rao lekholong la XX la lilemo, ba ne ba pharaletse ebile ba ratoa ke balemi ba lirapa. Ba ile ba ba lema ka likharetene tse kholo ba bile ba thehiloe liqoso ho bona. Mosebetsi oa S. Voronina "Lijarete tsa Nako ea Lichelete" o fana ka mehlala e mengata ea lirapa tse neng li sebelisa li-rhododendrons. Empa ho lekane ho bua ka mohlala o le mong feela, ho netefatsa ho pharalla le lerato la moetlo ona oa batho ba habo rona, sena ke sehopotso sa T. L. Shchepkina-Kupernik mabapi le thekiso ea MV Krestovskaya Marioka: "Ha ho kae kapa kae moo lilac e ntle joalo ka serapeng sa Mariok, e pharalletseng Li-"essess "tse 40, li-azalea tse tukang li benya joaloka malinyane a mollo ka la bosiu bo le bong ba Pherekhong ..."
Empa kamora phetohelo, mesebetsi ena e ile ea lebaloa, 'me mefuta e fumanoeng ke E. Regel ea nyamela ka mohohlong oa nako. Ehlile, lijalo li ne li sa khone ho emela lilemo tse thata tsa phetoho le tsa moraorao tsa phetohelo, 'me bokella le lirapa li senyehile. Empa hobaneng ho se ba fuoe tlhokomelo e lokiselitsoeng hantle hamorao ho thata ho utloisisoa.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, thahasello moetlong ona e hlahile, mme litsi tsa jarete li "katiloe" ka thepa ea ho lema. Limela tsa Rhododendron li fetoha limela tse feshene, tse hlahelletseng lirapeng tsa "Russia" tse ncha. Empa ho na le litlhahlobo tse ngata tse mpe tsa balemi ba lirapa ka setso sena, ba ileng ba utloisisoa ke boiphihlelo bo soabisang ba ho holisa li-Rhododendrons. Tšoaneleho e tlase ea basebetsi ba litsi tsa jarete, tse atisang ho fana ka mefuta e sa khone ho hola ka maemo a leholimo a rona, le setso se tlase sa balemi ba lirapa, ba fumanang limela, ntle le ho nahana ka maemo a hlokahalang bakeng sa temo ea bona. 'Me li-Rhododendrons li hloka hore ho thehoe maemo a ikhethang bakeng sa kholo ea bona e atlehileng,' me ha ba tšoarele liphoso, ka lefu la bona "ba otla" molemi ea sa tsotelleng.
Na hoa utloahala ka nako eo ho li qala mme ho thata ho li hlokomela? Ho lema limela tsena ka serapeng kapa che, ehlile u nka qeto. Empa hang ha o ba bona bonyane hang ka palesa, potso ena e ke ke ea hlola e hlaha. Ka hona, ba kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la hits. U hloka feela ho khetha sebaka se nepahetseng le ho theha sekoti se nang le mobu o hlokahalang. Tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ha e fapane haholo le ho hlokomela lijalo tse ling tsa lipalesa.
Bothata ba bobeli bo amana le khetho ea lisebelisoa tsa ho lema. Ho na le likhetho tse se nang mathata, ho thata haholo ho li hlokomela le tse ke keng tsa hola le rona. Mocheso oa mariha bakeng sa mariha o fanoeng likhatisong tse ling ha se kamehla o thusang ho rarolla bothata bona.
Lipeo tsa Rhododendron li metso le ho hlomelloa. E lokela ho rekoa semela se nang le metso se phatlalalitsoeng ka mokhoa oa limela. Ka phatlalatso ea microclonal, ho kheloha thepa ea mefuta ea pele e ka etsahala.
Mefuta ea li-rhododendrons le lifoto tsa tsona
Ha u khetha li-rhododendrons bakeng sa serapa sa hau, khetho e lokela ho fuoa mefuta e thata ea mariha le mefuta e tsoang ho tsona. Mefuta e thata haholo e sa tsotelleng le e mariha ea li-rhododendrons tse deciduous. Ba tla u lumella ho fumana lipalesa tse telele haholo, tse tla bula p. Daurian (Rh. Dahuricum) qetellong ea Hlakubele. Ho mo latela, r. Ledebour (Rh. Ledebourii) le r. Canadian (Rh. Canadense).
Joalokaha ho ka bonoa kaholimo setšoantšong, mefuta ena ea lipalesa tsa rhododendrons e thunya lipalesa tse pinki tse pherese.
Rhododendron frazer (Rh. X fraseri) - lebasetere la li-Rhododendrons tsa Canada le molly. Ho thunya hoseng, ka mor'a noka. Daursky le r. Canadian. Lipalesa ke lipalesa tse boholo bo bohareng, bo pherese-boputsoa, joalo ka tšoele. Likoloi li hahiloe ka thata ho fihlela li-1,2 m phahameng.
Rhododendron Japanese
Ka Mots'eanong, mefuta le mefuta e fapaneng ea Japanese Rhododendron (Rh. Japonicum) e hlaha ka mefuta eohle ea pente. Hammoho le eona, lipalesa tsa Rhododendron mose (Rh. Luteum) li thunya ka lipalesa tse khanyang tsa 'mala o mosehla.
Rhododendron ea Japane ke e 'ngoe ea tse makatsang ka ho fetesisa mme ka nako e ts'oanang e le e' ngoe ea li-Rhododendrons tse se nang boikaketsi. Hangata lipeo tsa mofuta ona li fumanoa li rekisoa. Lipalesa li kholo, monko o monate, ho tloha ho saalmon e pherese ho ea bofubelu bo bofubelu. Mefuta e nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu le tse putsoa tse bosehla lia tsebahala. Ka hoetla, lihlahla li “hlaha” ka makhasi a krimsone. Bush bophahamo ba 1.4-2 m.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea noka ha ea lokela ho ferekanngoa. Majapane le azalea a Majapane, ao hape a bitsoang Kurum azaleas. Li-azaleas tsa Japane li nkiloe motheong oa brododendron (Rh. Obtusum), shrub e lulang e le setala. Le ha li-azalea tsena li rekisoa haholo litsing tsa rona tsa jarete le 'marakeng' me li etsa hore ho be le lithemparetjha tsa mariha tsa mariha bakeng sa tsona, ha li tšoanelehe haholo bakeng sa ho lema bohareng ba Russia.
Schlippenbach Rhododendron
Ho thata ho se hopole e 'ngoe ea li-Rhododendrons tse ntle ka ho fetisisa - Schlippenbach (Rh. Schlippenbachii), eo, joalo ka banna bohle ba batle, e hlokang tlhokomelo e eketsehileng ho eona.
E na le lipalesa tse kholo tsa (cm cm) tse hlano tsa mmala o pinki o bobebe haholo o nang le matheba a mmala o bopinki, o nang le monko o bobebe. Lipalesa tsa lipalesa tsa Schlippenbach's rhododendron li ka senngoa ke mariha a selemo le mariha ka likhahla tse atisang ho hlaha, 'me lihlahla ka botsona li na le mariha a batang, ka lebaka la mariha ho hlokahala bolulo bo botle mme bo ka khothaletsoa feela ho balemi ba lirapa ba nang le boiphihlelo.
Se ke oa loanela ho qala Kamchatka Rhododendron (Rh. Kamtschaticum), eo hangata e khothalletsoang ho lingoliloeng tsa rona, ho ipapisitsoe le sebaka sa kholo ea eona. Ha ho bonolo haholo ho hlokomela, hobane limela tse leboea li ikutloa li sa phutholoha joaloka rona ba boroa, kaha ha se mefuta eohle e lumellanang le nako ea limela ka nako e telele ka lebaka la leholimo le futhumetseng. Ke balemi ba lirapa ba nang le boiphihlelo feela ba ka e buellang.
Tlhahiso ea mantlha ea li-rhododendrons tse matlafatsang ke mefuta e arotsoeng e sebelisang mefuta e 'maloa, e sa e lumelle ho boleloa ke mang kapa mang oa eona. Hangata li kopantsoe ka lihlopha tse fapaneng ho latela lipara tse sebelisitsoeng tsa botsoali le sebaka sa ho felisoa.
Khanyetso e phahameng ea boemo ba leholimo ba rona e khetholloa ke mefuta e mengata ea lihlopha tse tummeng Knap hill (NEP Hill) le Ho fetisa (Exbury)e thehiloe England ke A. Watererer le L. Rothschild, ka ho latellana. Lihlopha tsena tse peli li amana, 'me hangata li kopantsoe e le' ngoe. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lihlopha tsena kajeno ke karolo ea mantlha ea lefats'e ea li-rhododendrons tse ikemiselitseng 'me li emetsoe ka bongata marakeng oa rona. Li-hybrids tse ngata tsa lihlopha tsena li na le mariha a thata ho fihlela -30 ° С.
Ho thata ho hoholo mariha ebe, ka lebaka leo, ho ts'epahala moetlong o bohareng ba Russia har'a li-rhododendrons tse matla li na le mefuta ea sehlopha sa North Light (mabone a Leboea), e thehiloeng USA. Li khona ho mamella serame ho fihlela -42 ° C. Ho mariha ho bata haholo mariha o bohareng sehlopha se pinki rhododendron (Rh. Roseum), se thunya ka lipalesa tse pinki tse monko o monate, le lipalesa tse ntle tse ntle tse 'mala o moputsoa (Rh. Viscosum). E qetellang e khahla lipalesa tsa lipalesa tsa morao-rao le tse monko o monate haholo.
Ho koala lipalesa tsa li-rhododendrons ka Phupu sefate sa Rhododendron (Rh. Arborescens)e thunya ka lipalesa tse tšoeu kapa tse pinki tse nang le monko o monate o monate.
Lifoto tsa mefuta ea rhododendron
Re u khothalletsa hore u bone linepe tsa mefuta ea rhododendron e loketseng boemo ba leholimo ba leholimo.
"April Snow" (April Snow) - Mofuta oa lipalesa oa pele oa lipalesa tsa Daurian rhododendron. Lipalesa li tšoeu, li-terry. Bush e nang le kutu e bolelele ba limithara tse 1,6.
Rhododendron "Klondyke" ("Klondike") - mefuta e khanyang haholo. Joalokaha ho ka bonoa setšoantšong, rhododendron ea mofuta ona e na le lipalesa tsa lamunu, monko o monate, o motle, lipalesa tse tala tsa makhasi le makhasi a bofubelu a raspberry. Bophahamo ba sehlahla bo fihla ho 1,2-2 m.
"Liesma" ("Liesma") - lebasetere la Rhododendron ea Lejapane. Lipalesa li kholo haholo, lia benya, salmon e benyang. Bush 1,2-2 m phahameng.
"Mabone a Mandarin" ("Mabone a Mandarin") - ka lipalesa tse kholo tse 'mala o mofubelu o' mala o mofubelu o nang le 'mala oa lamunu ho lobe e kaholimo, e nang le monko o bobebe. Sehlahla ha se na bophahamo, ho fihla ho 1,0-1,5 m.
Rhododendron "Narcissiflora" ("Narcissiflora") e na le lipalesa tse monko o monate tse nang le linaleli tse 'mala o mosehla o habeli oa' mala o mosehla oa lamunu. Bush 1.0-1.8 m phahameng.
Rhododendron "Persil" ("Persilus") lithunthung tse nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu, 'mala o holimo o holimo o khabisitsoeng ka sebaka se seholo se mosehla. Bophahamo ba semela 1.4-1.8 m
"Cunninghams White" (Cunningham White) - Sebaka sa poone sa Caucasian rhododendron, ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tsebahalang haholo. E thunya ka lipalesa tse tšoeu tse nang le 'mala o moputsoa bo botala holim' a phahlo e holimo. Ha e na boikokobetso ebile ea tiisetsa, empa e hloka setšabelo se tšepahalang sa mariha, kaha palesa e khona ho mamella mocheso ho fihlela ho -21 ° C. Sehlahla se bolelele ba 1,4-1,8 m.
Ha e ngata haholo, empa mefuta e fapaneng ea li-rhododendrons tse lulang e le setala le eona e fapane haholo. Hard Hardness ea mariha e phahameng e na le p. Katevbinsky (Rh. Catawbiense), leq. tse khutšoane (Rh. brachycarpum) le leq. Fori (Rh.fauriei), bahlahlobisisi ba ho qetela ba nka mefuta e mengata ea r. bokhutšoanyane.
Rhododendron Fori - mofuta o thata haholo mariha o nang le makhasi a maholo a lulang a le motala. Lipalesa tse tšoeu tse nang le lipalesa tse bosehla bo bosehla bo bosehla bo botala le boputsoa bo holimo holimo, li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tse sephara. Bophahamo ba semela ke 1.5-2,5 m.
Ka lebaka leo, poone e nyalisitsoeng ea mefuta ena e na le mariha a mangata a mariha. Empa u se ke oa lebala hore hardness ea mariha ea poone e nyalisitsoeng e khethoa ke batsoali ba bang ba mefuta ena, ka hona poone e nyalisitsoeng e kanna ea ba le hlobo e matla ea mariha ho feta mefuta.
Haeba u hola Katevbinsky rhododendron ho tsoa lipeo, joale lipeo li tla ikamahanya hantle le maemo a lehae, 'mala o tla fapana,' me u tla fumana limela ka lipalesa tsa moriti o fapaneng. Ka hona, le ho sebelisa limela tsa mefuta, ho ka fumaneha mofuta o fapaneng oa mebala.
Rhododendron ea Smirnov, r. kholo ka ho fetisisa, r. Yakushimsky, leq. Metternich, leq. Caucasian. Leha ho le joalo, mariha a bona a mariha a tlase, 'me mariheng a matla mathata a ka hlaha. Ka ho latellanang, mariha-a thata haholo ebile a nyalisitsoeng a mefuta ena. Empa hara bona, mefuta e meng e khona ho qeta mariha e le bolulo, ha e meng e sa mariha mona. Ka hona, hoa utloahala ho qala mefuta ena le mefuta ea eona ha u se u ntse u na le boiphihlelo ba ho holisa li-Rhododendrons tse boletsoeng pejana.
P. Tigerstedt le M. Wausukainen ba Univesithi ea Helsinki ba ile ba atleha haholo tlhahiso ea li-Rhododendrons tse thata mariha. Mefuta ea tsona e khetholloa ke li-hardiness tsa mariha tse ngata, 'me li ka lengoa lirapeng tsa rona.
Ka bomalimabe, ha se mefuta eohle e khabisang haholo mme ha se lipalesa tsohle selemo se seng le se seng.
Kahoo "Morali oa Pohjola" (Poholaz Doute) hangata e khahlisa feela makhasi a khabisitsoeng a lulang a le setala, hobane lipalesa li mamella serame ho isa -20 ... -23 ° C.
Ha u khetha li-rhododendrons tse lulang li le teng serapeng sa hau, u se ke oa lebala ka bana ba batle: p. ea moriri o melala (Rh. hirsutum), e hlalositsoeng ka tlase, leq. letso-letso (Rh. impeditum), leq. ka ho lekana (Rh. fastigiatum), leq. kutu (Rh. Ferrugineum). Lihlahla tsena tse lulang li le tala tsa mariha kamehla li lekana hantle tlas'a lehloa.
Rhododendron e na le moriri o sataletseng - sehlahla se teteaneng sa squat (ho fihla ho 0,7-1 m) se nang le makhasi a matala a lulang a le metala. Lithunthung haholo lipalesa tse bopehileng joaloka mofuta oa pinki. Ho na le sebopeho se nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu. E mamella keketseho ea acidity ea mobu. Ho thata mariha, empa ho molemo ho koahela limela tse nyane bakeng sa mariha.
Rusty rhododendron le eona e thunya ka lipalesa tse pinki. Ho na le sebopeho se nang le lipalesa tse tšoeu. Li-rhododendrons tse teteaneng ebile li telele ka ho lekana li khetholloa ke lipalesa tse boputsoa ba boputsoa bo boputsoa le mofuta o thata. Libase tse nang le bolelele ba limithara tse 0,7 feela. Li-cocoa le tsona ha li lumellane le mefuta ea tsona, leha tlhokomeliso e se e hlokahala mona.
Rhododendron "Katevbinsky Grandiflorum"
"Catawbiense Grandiflorum" ("Katevbinsky Grandiflorum") - Rhododendrum ea mofuta oa khale, o ts'epahalang, o pherese o bobebe o pherese o nang le pente e 'mala oa khauta letlalong le holimo la lipalesa. Sehlahla se na le matla, se tebile, se pota-potile ka bophara ba 2,5 m.
Setšoantšo sa lipalesa tse pinki tsa Rhododendron
Rhododendron "Horikki" ("Hellicky") E hlahella ka lipalesa tsa eona tse bofubelu bo bofubelu bo bofubelu. Mefuta e fapaneng e hloka sebaka se khethiloeng ka hloko, se bulehileng hantle, empa se sirelelitsoe meeeng mme se fifatsoa ke mocheso oa motšeare. Haeba u mo etsa maemo a mo loketseng, o tla putsoa ka lipalesa tse ntle. Bush 1,2-1,8 m phahameng.
Rhododendron "Univesithi ea Helsinki" (Univesithi ea Helsinki) - mefuta e metle, e khahlisang. Joalokaha u bona setšoantšong, lipalesa tsa rhododendron tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea Helsinki li pinki, li koahetse sehlahla kaofela. Semela se tlase, 1-1.6 m.
"Kalinka" ("Kalinka") - e hantle haholo e tlase (ho fihlela ho 1,8 m) hemispherical lebasetere la Rhododendron ea Yakushimansky. Lithunthung haholo pinki le lipalesa tse tšoeu tse bohareng.
Rhododendron "Roseum Elegans" ("Rose Elegance") - mefuta e fapaneng ea lekholo la XIX, empa e ntse e e-so lahleheloe ke bohlokoa ba eona ka lebaka la bonatla le lipalesa tse ngata tsa lipalesa tsa lilac-pinki. Sehlahla ho fihlela se le bolelele ba 1.5 m. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ponahalo ea li-clones tse thata tse se li qalile.
Rhododendron "Haaga" (The Hague) e na le lipalesa tsa lilac-pinki tse boreleli bo 'mala o mofubelu oa' mala o moputsoa le mekhabiso e nyane ea wavy, tse bokelletsoeng ka har'a li-inflorescence tse kholo. E thunya haholo. Kamora ho thunthung, sehlahla se khabisitsoe ka makhasi a botala bo bosehla bo bosehla. Bophahamo ba semela 1.5-2.0 m.
"Homebush" (Homebash) - Mofuta oa mantlha oa lipalesa tsa lipalesa tsa lipalesa, moo lipalesa tse pinki tse 'mala o mopinki li bokelloang ka har'a li-inflorescence tse kholo. Likoloi li na le letsoele, li otlolohile ho fihlela li le 1,5 m.
Rhododendron "Raisa" ("Raisa") - Sehlahla se chitja se tlase (ho fihlela ho 0,7) se nang le makhasi a matala a lulang a le matala, se thunya ka lipalesa tse bofubelu bo bosehla. M. Gorbachev o ile a mo khetha ho tsoa ho nyalisitsoeng e hlahisitsoeng ho eena ho mo reha lebitso ho hopola mosali oa hae Raisa. Lihlahla tse lekholo li ile tsa neheloa serapeng sa sepetlele se rehelletsoeng ka R. Gorbacheva, St. Petersburg.
Rhododendron "Nova Zembla"
"Nova Zembla" ("Nova Zembla")Mohlomong mefuta e meholo e khubelu e tummeng ka ho fetisisa. Lipalesa li na le 'mala o sekareleta ka' mala o lefifi oa boputsoa bo bosehla le li-anther tsa khauta. Lihlahla tsa Nova Zembla rhododendron li matla, li hola ka potlako, ho fihlela bophahamo ba limithara tse 2. Bohareng ba Russia, e hloka tšireletso e tšepahalang. Ho thatafala ha mariha ho boletsoeng ka linako tse ling -32 ° C ke ho fetelletsa ho hlakileng.
Tlhaloso ea Rhododendron e Lefifi
"Rasputin" ("Rasputin") - E ngoe ea mebala e lefifi ka ho fetisisa. Lipalesa li pherese ka 'mala o pherese o nang le sebaka se seholo se pherese se pherese holim' a lekhapetla le holimo. E hloka tšireletso bakeng sa mariha, le hoja mariha a ho qetela a mariha a ile a hlokofala ntle le lehloa ka tlasa lehloa. Bush bophahamo ba 1.4-2 m.
"Bogumil Kavka" ("Bohumil Kavka") - Mefuta ea lipalesa tsa Czech le lipalesa tse pherese tse lefifi tse nang le matheba a sootho ho maqhubu a holimo. Tlhaloso ea rhododendron ea mefuta ena e ts'oana le tlhaloso ea Rasputin rhododendron, empa sehlahla se na le sebopeho se hasanang haholoanyane, se nang le methapo ea lithane tse 'mala oa bopherese, bo ka bang 1 m.
"Fireball" ("Fireball") e fapana ka mebala e khanyang ea 'mala o mofubelu oa lipalesa le makhasi a bofubelu ba krimsone. Sehlahla se bolelele ba 1,4-1,8 m.
