Eggplant e lula e amahanngoa le pherese le litholoana tse mebala-bala. Empa haufinyane tjena, bahlahisi ba fane ka mefuta e mengata le e nyalisitsoeng e sa tloaelehang ka ponahalo le sebopeho, e leng se thatafalletsang moreki ho khetha: ho potoloha, ho tšoeu, ho metsero, ho soetseha, ho khahlisa le alamo. Tatso e sa tsejoeng, chai, theknoloji ea ho lema lipeo le limela tsa batho ba baholo.
Ho lema sejalo se seholo, mme sehlahla sa li-eggplant se khona ho theha litholoana tse 25, o hloka ho tseba likarolo tsa tlhaho tsa bajaki bana ba Maindia. Ho phethahatsa litlhoko tsa ho holisa (ho theha maemo a tloaelehileng), o tla lula o le sejalo sa boleng bo holimo, ho sa tsotelehe mefuta e fapaneng kapa e nyalisitsoeng e hola ka serapeng sa hau.
Eggplant.
Tlhokahalo ea mantlha ea li-eggplant ke nako ea lihora tsa motšehare (eseng ho feta lihora tse 12-14). Eggplant - limela tsa nako e khuts'oane ea motšehare le ho lelefatsa le lihora tse 1-2 li lebisa taba ea hore nakong e kholo ea mofuthu (Phuptjane, Phupu) ho thehwa ha mahe ha ho hlahe. Ka ho fokotseha ha bolelele ba letsatsi (Phato, September), li-eggplant li theha lijalo ka mokhoa o matla, empa li fokola haholo, hobane likhoeli tse peli tse kholo tsa lehlabula li haelloa, ha ho na mocheso o lekaneng le maemo a mang a hlokahalang.
Mefuta ea li-eggplant, haholo-holo ea khale, e hokahane le bolelele ba letsatsi, 'me pontso ena ha e fetohe mefuteng ea khale. Hajoale ho thehiloe meloko e mecha ea limela - poone e nyalisitsoeng le mefuta e sa ameheng boleleleng ba letsatsi. Li ka hola ho hloahloa leha e le bofe. Ka hona, pele u ea 'marakeng, sheba almanaka, e bontšang ka ho hlaka hore na letsatsi le sebakeng sa heno hakae. Lekola mefuta le mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea li-eggplant tse khothalletsoang ke litsebi sebakeng sa hau mme o ee ho ea fumana lipeo kapa lipeo.
Theknoloji ea ho hola lipeo tsa li-eggplant
Litokisetso tsa peo
Hangata balemi ba lirapa ba qalang ba reka lintho tse entsoeng ka peo tse etselitsoeng 'marakeng kapa ho barekisi ba ikemetseng. Ena ke phoso ea pele. Ha ho tsejoe hore na ke boleng bofe le mefuta efe e tla u rekisetsa peo. Kamehla reka peo mabenkeleng le libakeng tse ikhethang. Li se li sebetsoe ebile li lokiselitsoe ho jala. Peo e holiloeng malapeng e lokela ho ba mefuta e fapaneng, poone e nyalisitsoeng ea sejalo se lakatsehang e ke ke ea theha. Tabeng ena, ho molemo ho reka lipeo tse lokiselitsoeng esale pele libakeng tse ikhethang tsa mabenkele.
Ho khetha Peo ea Eggplant Ha U Reka
Ha u reka peo, bala ka hloko litaelo tse ka mokotleng:
- lebitso la mefuta-futa kapa lebasetere, tlhaiso-leseling ea molao mabapi le moetsi (mohala, aterese ea 'mele, joalo-joalo) e lokela ho bontšoa ka ho hlaka;
- ha o reka poone e nyalisitsoeng, fana ka khetho bakeng sa moloko oa pele (labels F1). Peo ea moloko ona e hanela maemo a mocheso haholo, maloetse le likokonyana.
- palo ea peo ka mokotleng,
- letsatsi la pokello ea peo
- boitokisetso ba peo bakeng sa ho jala.
Ho itokisetsa peo bakeng sa ho jala lipeo tsa li-eggplant
- Ho tsosa lipeo ho tsoa ho li-dormature tsa biological le ho potlakisa ho hlaha ha lipeo tsa li-eggplant, re li futhumatsa ka thermos kapa metsi a chesang. Ka mocheso oa metsi oa + 45 ... + 50 ° C, tšela lipeo ka metsi a chesang bakeng sa metsi a chesang bakeng sa metsotso e 3-5 (hlokomela hore u se ke oa li pheha).
- Kamora ho futhumala, re nka (peista disinate) peo ea li-eggplant ka tharollo ea 1% ea potassium permanganate ho e sireletsa khahlanong le mafu. Tšela lipeo ka mokotleng oa gauze ka tharollo bakeng sa metsotso e 15-20 ebe o hlatsoa ka tlasa metsi. Sebakeng sa potasiamo permanganate, lipeo li ka nkuoa ho tsoa ho libaktheria le li-fungus tharollo ea e 'ngoe ea biofungicides phytosporin-M, alirin-B, molaetsair SP, trichodermin, albite ho latela likhothaletso. Tabeng ena, lipeo ha li hlatsoitsoe, empa li omisitsoe hanghang hore li tsebe ho phalla.
Lipeo tsa li-eggplant.
Peō ea lehe e hlaha hanyane ka hanyane mme e hloka methating ea pele limatlafatsi tse lekaneng. Ka hona, ba ntse ba hloka ho phekoloa ka li-stimulants tsa kholo le limatlafatsi. Ho fokotsa palo ea liphekolo tsa peo, hoa khoneha ho kopanya disinversal le biofungicides, li-stimulants tsa kholo (epin, loketseng, zircon le tse ling) le manyolo a micronutrient (microvit, cytovit) ka har'a motsoako oa tanka. Ha u lokisa motsoako oa tanka, setheo se seng le se seng se qhaloa ka thoko ho latela likhothaletso, ebe se tšeloa ka sekotong se le seng ebe se tsoakoa. Kamora ho futhumatsa, lihlahisoa tsa peo li theoleloa tharollo bakeng sa lihora tse 10-12. Ka nako eo, ntle le ho hlatsoa, omella ka mocheso oa kamoreng ho fihlela o phalla.
Bohato ba ho qetela ba ho lokisa peo ea li-eggplant bakeng sa ho jala ke ho thatafatsa
Peo e omisitsoeng ea li-eggplant e bolokiloe ka kamoreng motšehare ka mocheso oa + 18 ... + 22 ° C, 'me bosiu re fetisetsa ka sehatsetsing se ka tlase sa sehatsetsi ka mocheso oa + 2 ... 3 ° C. Ts'ebetso ena e phetoa beke kaofela (matsatsi a 5-6).
Kamora ho thatafatsa, lipeo li se li loketse ho jalwa. Ho potlakisa ho hlaha ha lipeo matsatsi a 2-3 pele ho jala, peo ea li-eggplant e mela. Ho etsa sena, ba hasantsoe ka pane e mongobo ka sopho, e koahetsoeng ka lesela le tšoanang le mongobo mme e beoa sebakeng se lefifi se lefifi. Hang ha dipeo li khokhothelloa, li fetisetsoa ho sethala se omisitsoeng, se omisitsoeng ebe se jaloa.
Litokisetso tsa mobu bakeng sa ho jala peo ea li-eggplant
Motsoako oa mobu oa ho jala peo ea li-eggplant e lokela ho ba o sa nkheng acid, o bobebe, o kenang le metsi, o kenang ka bongata metsing, o nang le limatlafatsi tse tsoang ho li-fungus, vaerase, libaktheria le likokonyana.
Motsoako oa mobu o khothalletsoang:
- holima humus
- turf land ka hare 1-2 likarolo kapa 1 karolo peat (se nke lehlakore) peat,
- Karolo e le 'ngoe ea lehlabathe kapa sawdust e bolileng (eseng coniferous).
U ka sebelisa motsoako o fapaneng:
- Karolo e le 1 ea humus (vermicompost) kapa likarolo tse peli tsa peat,
- Likarolo tse peli tsa turf kapa naha ea makhasi,
- 0.5-1.0 karolo ea lehlabathe e ka eketsoa.
Lipeo tsa li-eggplant.
Motsoako o lokiselitsoeng o lokela ho hloekisoa ka mokhoa o li bolaeang hantle ka tsela e o loketseng haholo (ho futhumatsa, calcining, scalding, freezing kapa ka tsela e ngoe). Kamora ho omisa motsoako oa mobu o nang le tšoaetso, rea e nchafatsa ka ho kopanya le lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko "Baikal EM-1, trichodermin, planriz le ba bang. Ba kenya letsoho ho hlahisoeng ka potlako ea microflora e sebetsang kapa e sebetsang (litokisetso tsa EM) mme ka nako e ts'oanang e senya likokoana-hloko tsa likokoana-hloko le fungal.
Haeba mobu o lenngoe ka mokhoa oa metsi (litharollo), ebe re omisa karolo e ka tlase ebe re tlatsa manyolo ka sekontiri se le seng sa mobu 30-40 g ea nitrophosphate le khalase ea molora oa patsi. U ka etsa motsoako oa manyolo: 15-20 g ea urea, 30-40 g ea superphosphate ea granular, 15-20 g ea potasiamo sulfate kapa khalase ea molora oa patsi. Kopanya motsoako ka botlalo 'me u tlatse sejana se lokiselitsoeng ka mobu.
Matsatsi a ho jala peo ea li-eggplant
Li-eggplant li khetholloa ke nako e telele ea ho lema le lebelo le liehang ho hola. Ho latela bolelele ba nako ho tloha ho lipeo ho fihlela kholo ea theknoloji, li-eggplant li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse 3:
- pele ho nako
- mahareng
- kamora nako.
Metsotsoaneng ea mahe a linotsi, ho butsoa ha setheo sa litholoana ho hlaha ka matsatsi a 85-90 ho tloha tsoele pele ho mela, bohareng ba 90-120 le matsatsi a 120-150 a morao.
Libakeng tse ka boroa ho Russia le libaka tse ling, peo ea li-eggplant e jaloa bakeng sa lipeo ho elella bofelong ba Pherekhong - lilemo tse leshome tsa pele tsa Hlakubele. Lipeo li lenngoe mobung o bulehileng ho tloha bohareng ba Mots'eanong ho isa ho la leshome la lilemo la Pherekhong. Ho latela nako ea ho mela ha litholoana, ho jala lipeo ho fetoloa kamora nako ea pele ka matsatsi a 10-12. O ka jala mefuta ea pejana, e bohareng le ea morao ea li-eggplant bakeng sa lipeo ka nako e le 'ngoe, empa nako ea ho fetisoa e tla ba e fapaneng: li-eggplant tsa pele tse lilemo tse 45-55, matsatsi a mahareng a 55-70 le matsatsi a 70-80 a morao. O ka jala lipeo ka letsatsi la pejana bakeng sa kholo e sa feleng haeba e hola (bolelele) le maemo a leholimo a loketse.
Ha ho lema lipeo libakeng tse bulehileng kapa li-greenhouse tse sa futhumatsoang, ka tlas'a matloana a nakoana, lipeo tsa li-eggplant li lenngoe li le lilemo li 60-70 kahare ho tsela e bohareng le libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Russia, ke hore, ho jala lipeo ho etsoa ka la 15 Hlakubele. Ho lulisa kamehla ho atoloha ho fihlela lilemo tse leshome tsa pele tsa June, ha boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo qala. Hamorao mefuta e meng e ka lengoa libakeng tsena, empa lijalo tse futhumetseng, mabone a eketsehileng le maemo a mang a eketsehileng lia hlokahala (e leng se se nang thuso).
Lipeo tsa li-eggplant.
Mahlale a ho jala peo ea li-eggplant bakeng sa lipeo
Li-eggplant ha li mamelle li-transplant, ka hona lipeo li lengoa hantle ntle le ho kotula. Ka lijaneng tse lokiselitsoeng, ka bonolo leka ka mokhoa o boreleli motsoako oa mobu. Mobu o nang le metsi, peo e kanna ea mela 'me ea hana ho mela. Kenya moriana o khethehileng o nang le lihlaha 6x6 kapa 8x8 cm (ho latela mokhoa oa sehlahla se tlang). Bohareng ba sehlaha se seng le se seng ke jala lipeo tse 1-2 ho isa botebo ba cm cm1. Ka merero e joalo e nang le 1 sekwere. limithara tsa sebaka se felletseng, chai ea lipeo e tla ba lipeo tse pakeng tsa 250-150. Kamora ho jala, ke fafatsa peo ea li-eggplant ka motsoako o tšoanang oa mobu ka cm cm e 1. Haeba ho jala ho etsoa ka lijana tse fapaneng (linoelo, lipitsa tsa peat-humus, likhasete tse khethehileng), ke li beha ka lebokoseng le tloaelehileng ebe ke li beha sebakeng se futhumetseng, se lefifi. Haeba ho jala ho etsoa mobung oa sethopo, ke koahela ho jala ka lutrasil. Ho thunya ho hlaha ka mor'a libeke tse 1.5-2.0.
Haeba u nka qeto ea ho lema lipeo tsa li-eggplant ka ho khetha, joale e etsoa ka karolo ea makhasi a mabeli a sebele. Matsatsi a 2-3 pele ho khethoa, ba ile ba nosetsa ho senya tsamaiso ea metso. E fetiselitsoe ka lijaneng kapa ka lijaneng tse nang le sebaka se seholo sa phepo e nepahetseng, limela tse tebang ho makhasi a cotyledon. Khetla e kolobisitsoe, mobu o lula o le mongobo. Ho nosetsa ho etsoa ka metsi a futhumetseng, a lutseng.
Mocheso bakeng sa lipeo tsa li-eggplant
Maemo a mocheso a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho lengoeng lipeo tse phetseng hantle. Ka hona, ho hlokahala ho latela maemo a futhumetseng a khothalletsoang:
- mocheso oa mobu ho tloha ho jalang ho isa lipeo o lokela ho bolokoa kahare ho + 20 ... + 28 ° C.
- Nakong ea libeke tse peli tsa pele kamora ho mela, mocheso oa mobu bosiu o theohela ho + 17 ... + 18 ° C, 'me motšehare o bolokiloe + 20 ... + 22 ° C.
- Kamora moo, ho fihlela lipeo li tima, mocheso oa mobu bosiu le motšehare o bolokoa maemong a mocheso oa kamora ho hlaha.
- Mocheso oa moea bekeng ea pele kamora ho hlaha bosiu o theohela ho + 8 ... + 10 ° C, mme motšehare o bolokiloe ho + 14 ... + 16 ° C.
- Kamora moo (ho tloha ho thatafatsa lipeo ho fihlela ho thatafatsa lipeo tsa batho ba baholo), mocheso oa moea ke + 11 ... + 14 ° C, 'me nakong ea motšehare ho itšetlehile ka mabone. Ka matsatsi a letsatsi, u ka eketsa mocheso ho + 25 ... + 27 ° C, 'me ka matsatsi a maru u e theola ho + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ho fetoha ha mocheso oa moea hoa hlokahala e le hore lipeo li se ke tsa otloloha.
Peō ea sethala ka letsatsi la 43.
Tlhokomelo ea lijalo tsa mahe
Nakong ea kholo le nts'etsopele ea lipeo tsa li-eggplant, ho tlatselletsa le puso ea mocheso, ho hlokahala hore ho lekole mongobo oa mobu le moea, fepa lipeo ka nako e loketseng, sireletsa khahlanong le likokonyana le maloetse, le ho thatafala. Peō e sa lomosoang, ha e lema tlas'a maemo a fetotsoeng a tikoloho, ea kula ebile e ka shoa. Ha likokonyana (li-aphid, popane, li-whiteflies) li hlaha, lipeo tsa li-eggplant li fafatsoa ka li-bioinsecticides ho latela likhothaletso (phytoverm, bitoxybacillin, lepidocide le ba bang).
Nosetsa lipeo tsa li-eggplant
Ke qeta ho nosetsa ka matsatsi a 2-3 le litekanyetso tse itekanetseng tsa metsi a emeng a futhumetseng ho fihla + 20 ... + 25 ° C. Kamora ho nosetsa, mulch mobu le lehlabathe le omileng ho qoba motso bola. Ha ke nosetsa habeli ka khoeli, ke eketsa antifungal biologics (trichodermin, planriz le tse lingicodeicides) ho nosetsa metsi. Ha li na kotsi ho batho, e leng bohlokoa haholo ha ho lema lipeo ka mohahong oa bolulo. Ke fokotsa mongobo oa moea ka ho fofa ntle le ho ngola.
Peō ea sethopo
Ke qeta moaparo oa pele molemong oa makhasi a 2-3 kapa libeke tse 1.5-2.0 kamora ho khethoa. Ke fepa ka metsi a nosetso. Ke lokisa tharollo ea phepo e thehiloeng ka nkhong ea metsi: 5-10 g ea urea le 30 g ea superphosphate e qhibilihang ka metsing. O ka lokisa tharollo ho tsoa ho manyolo a nang le liminerale tse ngata ka ho qhala 30-35 g ea nitrophoska ho 10 l ea metsi. Kamora ho apara holimo, ke hlatsoa makhasi a tsoang ka botlolong ea a fafatsa ka metsi a hloekileng ho qoba ho chesoa ke lik'hemik'hale limela tse nyane.
Ke qeta moaparo oa bobeli o kaholimo o hlophisitsoeng ka matsatsi a 7-7 pele ke theoha ka mehla, empa ntle le naetrojene. Ho molemo ho etsa moaparo oa bobeli oa holimo ka manyolo a Kemira, o etselitsoeng tlhokomelo e rarahaneng ea limela. Manyolo ana a na le limatlafatsi tse ngata ho latela limatlafatsi tse fumanehang boron, manganese, molybdenum le tšepe, tse tla fa limela matla a eketsehileng.
Lipeo tsa li-eggplant.
Ho hlokomela lipeo
Pele ke lema bakeng sa sa feleng (libeke tse 2) Ke tloaetse limela ho maemo a macha a tikoloho. Butle-butle fokotsa sekhahla sa ho nosetsa, theola mocheso ka phapusing, eo ke e jereng lijana ka lipeo tsa li-eggplant ka har'a corrase kapa ka foranteng e khanyang, loggia. Qalong, ke mamella lipeo ka lihora tse 2-3, butle-butle li tloha nako e telele ka kamoreng e pholileng. Haeba ho se na mabone a lekaneng ka terakeng ke bulela mabone.
Peō e thata e ikemiselitseng ho lema e lokela ho ba bolelele ba 16-25 cm, e nang le makhasi a 79 a lefifi a botala, li-buds tse 1-3, sistimi ea methapo e tsoetseng pele hantle le kutu.
Mefuta e fapaneng le e nyalisitsoeng ea li-eggplant
Peo ea khale e butsoitseng
- Bibo F1 (matsatsi a 87-93),
- O motle o motle (matsatsi a 60),
- Fabina F1 (matsatsi a 40-50),
- Mileda F1 (matsatsi a 66-75).
Peo ea mahe ea pejana
- Alekseevsky (ho tloha tsoele pele ho mela ho fihlela ha ho kotuloa matsatsi a 90-100)
- Valentine F1 (matsatsi a 90-95),
- Hippopotamus F1 (matsatsi a 100-105),
- Quartet (matsatsi a 107-122),
- Maxik F1 (matsatsi a 90-100),
- Nancy F1 (matsatsi a 75-85),
- Lilac fog (matsatsi a 102-105),
- Mohlolo oa Purple (matsatsi a 95-100).
Sebaka sa mahe a mahareng
- Liteemane (matsatsi a 109-150),
- Comet (matsatsi a 118-125),
- Swan (matsatsi a 100-130),
- Sekepe (matsatsi a 110-110),
- Ho makatsa (matsatsi a 116-120),
- Ping Pong F1 (matsatsi a 116-117),
- Pelican F1 (matsatsi a 116-117).
Late ea lipalesa
- Mishutka (matsatsi a 133-145),
- Sophia (matsatsi a 134-147).
Li-eggplant tsa pele tse butsoitseng le tsa pele li ka lengoa ka lipeo libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Russia. Ha o theha maemo a loketseng mobu o sirelelitsoeng. Tse mahareng le tse ling tsa morao haholo li loketse libaka tse ka boroa le libaka tse futhumetseng feela tsa Russian Federation. Ha u khetha lintho tsa ho jala, khetha mefuta e sa tsoaneng le e nyalisitsoeng. Li haufi le maemo a leholimo a sebaka seo, letsatsi le chabelang, le loantšang tšenyo e bakoang ke mafu le likokonyana.
Hlokomela! Joalo ka mehla, re u kopa ho maikutlo ho sengoloa sena ho ngola ka mekhoa le maqheka a hau a peo ea li-eggplant. Ka kopo u se ke oa lebala ho supa hore na u ba holisa sebakeng sefe le hore na u sema le ho lema ka nako mang bakeng sa ho hola ho sa feleng. Kea leboha!
