Kajeno, hoo e batlang e le serapeng se seng le se seng u ka fumana sehlahla sa boselamose kapa sefate se khuts'oane seo batho ba reng: "Buckthorn ea leoatleng e tla tlosa ho potlaka ho hong." Polelo ena, kamoo ho hlakileng, e amana le taba ea hore leoatle le na le semela sa bongaka, se tsejoang ho tloha mehleng ea lingaka tsa khale tsa Bagerike, le phekola boholo ba mafu a tloaelehileng.
Buckthorn Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) ho tsoa ho ba anngoeng lelapa (Elaeagnaceae) lipapiso ka tlhaho ke tlhaho (waxwort, sefate sa khauta, ivortern, dereza, scythe, moutu o mosoeu, shirganak, silefish), e bonts'ang ponahalo ea limela tsena le sebopeho sa makhasi. Phetolelong ea Selatine ho tsoa ho SeGreek ho bolela ho khanya ha pere, ho bolelang hore makhasi a sea-sea buckthorn a kenyelitsoeng phepelong ea lipere a fa letlalo la bona sheen e sa tloaelehang. Sea buckthorn ke semela sa khale. Phekolo ea lingaka tsa khale tsa Greek le bo-rasaense ba ngotse ka thepa ea eona ea ho folisa.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Mike CampbellSebaka sa kabo ea leoatle sehlahla se hlaha
Leqhubu la leoatleng le atile hohle naheng eohle, moo boemo ba leholimo le leholimo bo leng loketseng teng. Rephaboliking ea Russia e fumaneha hohle naheng e hlaha kahara naha eohle ea karolo ea Europe, Siberia Bophirima le Bochabela, ka leboea ho Caucasus, Altai. Meroalo ea lihlahla tsa leoatle e tloaelehile litselaneng tsa linoka, lebopong la matša le metsi a mang. Ho lema li-buckthorn tsa leoatleng, tse sebelisetsoang tlhahiso ea meriana le lihlahisoa tsa lijo, Siberia ho lula lihekthere tse fetang 7,000. Li-landings tsa eona li sebelisoa ho matlafatsa libaka tse matsoapong le tse hoholehang.
Tlhaloso ea buckthorn
Sebakeng sa Rephabliki ea Russia, li-sea buckthorn li ajoa haholo, 'me balateli ba tsoetse mefuta e mengata eo litholoana tsa tsona li sebelisoang indastering ea bongaka le ea lijo.
Sea buckthorn ke sehlahla sa li-decemu tse ngata tsa 1-5 m, se nang le letlobo le sa feleng la sefate. Ka kakaretso, letlobo le holimo-holimo le bopa moqhaka o pota-potiloeng kapa o phatlalatsang, o nang le letlobo la lilemo tse fapaneng. Tse nyane li koahetsoe ke moriri oa silvery. Ka lilemo, letlobo le koahetsoe ke makhapetla a mebala e fapaneng: ho tloha ho sootho ho lefifi ho isa ho lefifi. Letlobo le khuts'oane le na le metsero e melelele e mengata.
Sisteme ea metso ea leoatleng e entsoe ka makala a nang le marapo a boreleli a 1-2-3, a fumanehang ka mobu oa 40-50 cm. Haufi le metsamao, e tsofetse ka metso ea metso, e etsa mosebetsi oa eona o ka sehloohong. Maqhutsu a nang le sebopeho sa libaktheria a lokisa naetrojene metsong.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Volkmar KnochMakhasi a sea buckthorn ke lanceolate e bonolo, sebaka se teng ka letlapeng ke se seng. Makhasi a makhasi a koahetse ka boea ba silvery, bo patang mebala ea tsona e mebala e khanyang ea botala. Ka lebaka la bosoala ba semela, semela sohle se khetholloa ke li-green-green hues mme li shebahala li le ntle haholo ha li kopana le limela tse tala. Sehlahla sa seahlahla sa seahlahla ke sa sehlopha sa limela tse fepeloang ka moea tse fokotsang moea mme se hloka balemisi ba banna hore ba thehe. Lipalesa tse tšehali li bokelloa makaleng a meutloa le makala a bokhuts'oane, li a khomarela ho tsoa mahlakoreng 'ohle. Lipalesa tsa banna ka li-inflorescence tse tona tsa spikelet. Bakeng sa ho tsamaisa peo, sefate se le seng se lekane bakeng sa limilimithara tse 50-100. m lisekoere. Lithunthung tsa palesa ea leoatleng ka Mphalane le Mots'eanong. Ho tloha ho lema ho isa ho peleho ea litholoana ka lilemo tse 2-4. Litholoana li butsoa ka August-September. Ha ho na lipalesa tse se nang likheo tse tsoang naheng, tse leng bonolo ho kotula.
Litholoana tsa buckthorn ea leoatleng, meriti eohle ho tloha mosehla ho ea ho oa lamunu le bokhubelu, li shebahala hantle haholo. Drupe (drupe ea bohata) e koaheloa ka holimo ka lero le lero le nang le monko o fokolang oa phaenapole. Peo ea litholoana ha e eo, e boreleli, ka linako tse ling e ntšo, ea benya.
Mefuta e mengata ea leoatleng
Bahlahisi ba Russia ba holile mefuta e fetang 60 e thehiloeng ho li-buckthorn. Li tšoauoa ka ho hanyetsa serame, litholoana tse kholo le ho se be teng ha meutloa, e nolofalletsang pokello ea litholoana. Mefuta ea mefuta-futa ea lihlahla tsa leoatle e kenyellelitsoe le maemo a leholimo a libaka mme e arotsoe ka mefuta bakeng sa Urals le Siberia, sebaka se bohareng le Lebatooa la Moscow, se phallang ebile se sa utloane.
Mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa libaka tsa Siberia le Urals
Altai, Giant, Inya, Moratuoa, Nugget, Chuy, jj.
Mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa libaka tsa sebaka se bohareng le sebakeng sa Moscow
Elizabeth, Golden Cob, Orange, Lomonosov, Fragrant, Panteleevskaya, Moskvichka, Red-carmine, Botle ba Moscow, jj.
E khothalelitsoe ho lema mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tsa Pearl ea basali, Augustine, Openwork, Jam, Abundant, Motlotlehi ebile e le e motona Gnome le Alei.
Ka kholo, mefuta e arotsoe ho ea pele, bohareng, morao. Lipeo li lula li tsamaea le tlhaloso e khuts'oane ea ho fapana, e bonts'ang likarolo tsa eona, ho kenyelletsa le mofuta (oa pele, bohareng, morao). Ha u reka, hoa hlokahala ho khetha mefuta e ikhethileng bakeng sa sebaka, e amanang le nako e khuts'oane haholo ea phomolo ea lijalo, maemong a sa tloaelehang bakeng sa mefuta e sa tsoaneng, lipeo ha li na ho phela.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Tikki_75Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa sea buckthorn
Litsebi tsa baeloji tse ithutang sebopeho sa limela tse fapa-fapaneng tsa fauna li re: ho phela hantle, ka lehlabuleng la lehlabula ho lekane ho ba le mefuta e 3 ea lihlahla - sea buckthorn, dogwood le irga, tseo kaofela litho tsa tsona e leng tsa bongaka (motso, letlobo, makhapetla, makhasi, lipalesa, litholoana).
Setso sa multivitamin, litholoana tsa sona li na le livithamini tsa B. Keketseho ea livithamini "C", "E", "K", proitamin "A", ho fihlela ho 6% tsoekere, ho fihla ho 2,5% organic acid, quercetin. Pulp le dipeo li na le mafura a fihlang ho 9 le 12%, ka ho latellana. Ho tsoa ho likarolo tsa trace, litholoana le makhasi li na le boron, potasiamo, tšepe, manganese, zinki, koporo, calcium. Mefuta e meng ea lithibela-mafu tsa limela e fumanoe ka ho hlophisoa ha litholoana le makhasi. Makhasi le makhapetla a sea buckthorn a na le limela tse ngata haholo ka har'a alkaloid ea hippofaine. Ka karolong e ka holimo ho na le li-tannin le lioli tse fapaneng tse 10 (ho fihla ho 3%) tse fapaneng ka sebopeho sa oli ea litholoana.
Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa sea-sea buckthorn
The pharmacopoeia ea semmuso e sebelisa oli ea litholoana tsa sea-sea sea ho phekola liso tsa letlalo tse fapaneng (lefuba la letlalo, liso tsa khatello, liso, leqeba), nasopharynx (tonsillitis, sinusitis, rhinitis), ka gynecology (Olazol, Hypozol, litokisetso tsa Oblekol), ka mafu a ka mpeng, le hypovitaminosis le mafu a mang.
Ho kenella ha makhasi a sea buckthorn ho thusa ka ho nyemella, rheumatism le gout.
Ho sebelisa joala ba makhapetla a leoatleng ho sebelisetsoa ho ata ha lithane. E na le phello ea radioprotective.
Mekhoa e meng ea kalafo e koahela hoo e batlang e le litsamaiso tsohle tsa batho. Ha ba le hae, ba pheha oli ea leoatleng, li-decoction, infusions, litlolo tse nkiloeng e le liemeli tsa kahare le kantle.
Sea buckthorn e sebelisoa e le ncha. Lino, li-compotes, jeme, lino tse tahang joalo-joalo li lokiselitsoe ho tsoa ho tsona.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Maja DumatHo Hola ha Buckthorn
Tlamahano ea leoatleng e sirellelitsoe ke serame ebile e le semelo sa lifoto, ebile ha e nke maemo a tikoloho. Crohn e khona ho mamella serame ho fihlela ho -30 ... -40 ° C, 'me sisteme ea metso e fihla ho -25 ° C. Haeba maemo a lithemparetjha tsa mocheso (le ho tloswa kantle) a bopetswe mobung ka sekoahelo se seholo sa lehloa, metso ea lihlahla tsa sea buckthorn e qala ho omella. Semela sea kula 'me se ka shoa. Ka hona, libakeng tse nang lehloa le bohareng ba bophahamo ba lehloa, moo maqhubu a sa tloaelehang, ba fokotsa lehloa, ba le lahla hole le kutu. Mokhoa ona o thusa esita le mocheso le ho thibela ho tsofala.
Khetho ea sebaka
Metso ea metso ea leoatle e behiloe ka tsela e sa tloaelehang ebile e pharaletse ho feta moqhaka. Moetlo ha o rate ho atamelana ha lijalo tse ling le ho lema khafetsa. Ka hona, bakeng sa hae, ba khetha sebaka seo ho tla ba le sebaka se lekaneng sa mahala le mabone ho potoloha. Lisosa tse sa lebelloang bakeng sa leoatle lihlahla tsa leoatleng: apricot, tranelate e tsoekere, plum, samore, apole, pere, kharenate, fragola, raspberry). Lijalo tse lenngoeng li rekoa hamolemo ka ho fetisisa ka litsing tsa peo ka mefuta ea lipeo tse lilemo li 2-3. Leoatle le le hlaha ka nako e omileng le hloka ho nosetsoa. Hoa hlokahala ho lema lijalo libakeng tse nang le metsi a emeng kaholimo ho limithara tse 1-2 ho tloha holim 'a lefatše, kaha ha li mamelle ho sisinyeha ha metsi.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Tom DeCosteHo lokisa mobu
Mobu o motlehali oa li-sea buckthorn o nonne, o na le metsi ebile o phefumoloha ka ho se nke lehlakore. Haeba mobu o le boima, joale pele o lema lokisa likoti tse kholo tsa ho lisa, tse lokisitsoeng ka mobu o lokisitsoeng ka ho khethehileng. Karolo e kaholimo ea mobu o chekiloeng 1: 1 kapa 1: 2 e kopantsoe le humus kapa humus le keketso ea lehlabathe. 50-60 g ea superphosphate le 40-50 g ea letsoai la potasiamo li eketsoa ka sekoting se seng le se seng sa ho lisa. U ka sebelisa nitroammophoska ka tekanyo ea 60-80 g ka sekoti se seng le se seng. Meroalo e nang le mobu e lokela ho tsoakoa hantle. Ho ipapisitse le mofuta oa mobu mohanong, boholo le boholo ba menontsha li ka fapana.
Melao ea boleng ba peo le ho lema
Bakeng sa lelapa le le leng, limela tsa basali tse 2-3-4 le e ngoe e motona (pollinator) li lekane. Haeba limela tse tona li libakeng tse haufi, u ke ke ua reka limela tsa banna.
Ha u khetha lipeo bakeng sa ho lema, u hloka ho ela hloko:
- peo e lokela ho ba le metso ea masapo ea 2-4 cm, 15, e holisitsoeng ka metso ea metso
- trunk ho fihlela 40-50 cm phahameng le letlobo tse 'maloa tse lehlakoreng,
- makhapetla a elastic, boreleli, ntle le ho peeling, makhapetla a sootho a supa ho bata hoa peo ea selemo nakong ea selemo; ho kotsi ho reka lipeo tse joalo.
Lihora tse 'maloa pele o lema, seedling e kenngoa ka sejaneng se nang le metsi, motso oa eketsoa. O ka theola metso ea peo pele o jala ka setofo sa letsopa.
Lijalo tsa ho lema li fumaneha kamora 1.5-2.0 m. Lipeo li lenngoe nakong ea selemo, e leng se etsang hore li ikamahanye le maemo a hola, ho theha sistimi e ntle ea metso. Ho lema pit 50x50x60 cm, e kanna ea ba kholo ha mobu o hloka ho eketsoa ha mefuta e mengata ea humus, peat, lehlabathe le lisebelisoa tse ling ho ntlafatsa thepa ea 'mele. Lime ea ho etsa hore mobu o hlatsoehe o entsoe ka hoetla. Motsoako oa mobu o kenngoa ka sekoting sa ho jala, o etsa tubercle bohareng. Ho eona, sistimi ea metso ea peo e otlolloe mme e koaetsoe ke mobu o setseng. Ba kopanya mobu, butle-butle ba tšela linkho ea metsi tse 1.5-2.0, mulch ka mulch e nyane (peat, humus, shavings). Ha u lema, molala oa metso o patoa mobung ka cm cm 5-7. Mokhoa ona o tla kenya letsoho ho theheng metso e eketsehileng. E le hore kutu e se ke ea inama tlasa khatello ea meea, e tlangoa ke tšehetso ka tse robeli ka theipi kapa twine.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © arjuna_zbychoTlhokomelo ea sea-sea buckthorn
Nakong ea selemo, pele ho kotuloa le ka mor'a ho kotuloa, makhapetla a bohloeki a rengoa. Tlosa makala a ommeng, a kulang, a robehileng, a ntseng a hola ka hare. Ba hloekisa maqeba, ba a bolaea meriana, ba phekola shrub / sefate ka tharollo ea 1-2% ea mokelikeli oa Bordeaux.
Nakong ea lipalesa tsa lipalesa tsa leoatle, o hloka ho sisinya semela sa monna ho etsa hore peo e phofo e qalelle. Haeba ho se na setšoantšo sa banna haufi, khaola makala a le mang ho tloha semeleng sa monna mme u hlokoe bohareng ba moqhaka oa basali.
Ka ho qaleha ha boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo futhumetseng, haeba mariha a ne a se na lehloa ebile selemo se le mongobo, joale (Mots'eanong-Mphalane oa June) sea sea sea nosetso se nosetsoa. Ho seng joalo, ho nosetsa ho ka chechisoa ho letsatsi la morao.
Lehlabuleng, ho nosetsa hoa phetoa, empa ka tekanyo e lekanang ntle le ho sisinyeha ha metsi. Ka letsatsi la bobeli, mobu o notlollotsoe hanyane (eseng botebo ba cm cm) mme o petsitsoe. Haeba, ha e kokobela, metso ea sea buckthorn e senyehile, shrub / sefate se qala ho theha metso ea metso ka matla kapa ho holisa bola.
Nakong ea lehlabula, lekhapetla la leoatle le nosetsoa joalo ka ha ho hlokahala, le hohola mobu ka cm 30-40. Karolo ea mulching e ka fihla ho 5 cm, e tla u thusa ho boloka mobu o le mongobo ntle le ho thelisoa o sa hlokahale. Mochini o bolileng nakong ea hoetla ea hoetla o tla sebetsa joalo ka manyolo a mang.
Fertilize sea buckthorn makhetlo a 1-2 ka selemo, le mobung o nonneng ka selemo. Nakong ea selemo ba tlisa moqomo oa moetlo ka tlung ea mulching (1: 6), 'me ka hoetla li-0.5 lilakane tsa humus / compost le menontsha ea phosphorus-potasiamo, ka ho latellana, 120-200 g le 100-120 g ka sehlahla kapa sefate. U ka fetola mokhoa oa ho fepa: sebelisa tharollo ea likhoho tsa linonyana (1: 8) kapa manyolo a likhomo (1: 6), o kopane le nitrophos kapa manyolo a mang a liminerale. Bohareng ba lehlabula kapa kamora ho kotula, o ka fepa molora o omileng bakeng sa ho nosetsa kapa ka mokhoa oa infusion. Ho khonahala nakong ea selemo ho fokotsa ho kenngoa ha ammonium nitrate (25-30 g ka sehlahla / sefate) le tharollo ea manyolo.
Bakeng sa sebopeho sa litholoana tse kholo le tse ling tse felletseng, li-sea buckthorn makhasing kapa qalong ea kholo ea mahe li phekoloa ka tharollo ea likarolo tsa trace, effon, humate ka tekanyo ea khaba e le 1 ka sekotlolo sa metsi.
Nakong ea ho hola, hoa hlokahala ho boloka mobu o se na mofoka le letlobo la basal.
Ka hoetla, tlasa makala a nang le meroalo e mengata ea leoatleng, ho bohlokoa ho theha litšehetso.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © emme-forstbaumschulenLeoatle buckthorn
Buckthorn e ka thehoa ka sehlahla kapa sefate.
Ha ho thehoa sehlahla, lipeo tse lenngoeng tsa sea sea buckthorn li khaoloa ka tekanyo ea cm 15-20. Selemong se latelang, letlobo le ntlafalitsoeng ka ho fetisisa la 3-5 le khethoa letlapeng la seedling, ebe tse ling kaofela li tlosoa ka botlalo. Sehlahla se fetoha likhahla tsa 8-9. Ebe ho fokotsa le ho nchafatsa, ho tlosa lekala le le leng selemo se seng le se seng.
Haeba peo ea semela sa leoatle e entsoe, joale selemo se tlang se tla khaola sethunya sa selemo bakeng sa li-buds tse 4-5. Ho pholletsa le lehlabula, ba fana ka keketseho, eo ho eona makala a masapo a 3-5 a marikhoe a khethiloeng a tsoang li-buds tse tlase ka kholo e ts'oanang. Tse ling kaofela li tlosoa selikalikoeng. Makala a setseng a marapo a theola hanyane ... Pejana ena ea limela ea leoatleng e baka kholo e kholo ea selemo, eo molemong oa eona sejalo se tlang ho theoa. Tsohle tse tona le tse sothehileng lia tlosoa.
Ho qala ho tloha ho lilemo tse 5-6, nakong ea ho pongoa ka nako ea hoetla, ho etsoa sehlahla se nchafalitsoeng ka lewatle, ho cheka sekoahelong se seng sa makala a khale ka ho theoa hanyane ka hanyane.
Nakong ea tlhahlobo ea selemo ea sea-sea buckthorn (bohareng ba nako ea ho hola), makala ohle a sa kang a hlahisa keketseho selemong sena sa hona joale a felisoa. Makala a joalo a fela ka borashe ba makhasi le ho omella qetellong ea nako ea ho hola. Empa li tlosa karolo ea limatlafatsi semeleng.
Ho theha lihlahla tsa leoatle ka mokhoa oa sefate, mohloa o remeloa li-buds tse 3-4. Hlabula e tlang, khokhothela ka bolelele ba cm 2-4. Bakeng sa lilemo tse 3 pele ho budding, kapa hoetla, kutu ea nako e tlang e hloekisoa ho fihlela bophahamo ba 40-50 cm ho tloha letlobo. Likarolo li hloekisoa. Nakong e tlang, ho thehoa makala a masapo a masapo a 1-2 a nang le keketseho ea selemo se le seng. Maqeba a leoatle a leoatleng a folisa butle, kahoo sebopeho se nka lilemo tse 2-4. Ha ho makala a fetang 2-3 ha a khaoloa le reng ka selemo. Ka sebopeho sa sefate, ho molemo haholo ho theha semela sa monna, mme tse tšehali li tlohele sebopeho se kang sehlahla.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © ndsuKeketseho ea mokoallo oa leoatle
Sea buckthorn se hlahisoa ke peo le limela. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore nakong ea peo ea peo, matšoao a mefuta ea bo-mme ha a fetisetsoe semeleng. Ka hona, ho molemo ho sebelisa menyetla ea ho jala limela, e etsoang ka ho arola sehlahla, kholo ea metso ea limela, layering, cuttings le grafting.
Ho ikatisa ka ho arola sehlahla, ho rala le ho kuta ho sebelisoa hangata lapeng. Mokhoa oa ho etsa mefuta ena ea ho ikatisa o ts'oana le ho lihlahla tse ling (li-currants).
Maloetse le likokonyana tsa limela tsa leoatleng
Lijalo tsa buckthorn tsa batho ba baholo hangata ha li angoe ke mafu le likokonyana. A sa le monyane mme o na le ts'enyo ea epiphytotic ho litso tse ling tse nang le mafu le likokonyana tse tšoanang, leoatle sea buckthorn le lona lea kula.
Ho maloetse, hangata ho ba le limela tsa leoatleng ho qojoa ke mafu a fungal: lipeo tse ntšo, lipeo tse nyane, endomycosis, litholoana tse sootho tsa sea-buckthorn, mofets'e o motala makala a maholo, litholoana tsa stegmina (scab), makala a manyane, makhasi, jj.Ka tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, limela tsa sea buckthorn li loants'oa ke mafu. Ho tsoa ho mafu ho molemo ho etsa likhalase ka lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko ebang u se u le maemong a pele le ka mor'a ho kotula ka 1% Bordeaux fluid, le nakong ea nako ea ho hola - ka lihlahisoa tse tšoanang tsa bioloji. Li-biologics tse latelang li loantša mafu a fungal, a baktheria le a vaerase: trichodermin, phytosporin-M, mycosan, alirin-B, bactofit, jj.
Buckthorn buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides). © Tikki_75Ho likokoanyana, li-aphid tse tala tsa leoatle tse tala, likokoanyana tse bopehileng joaloka boea, likenke tsa makhopho a leoatleng, makhapetla a makhasi a hlabang, tšoele ea leoatleng, li-silkworm tse se nang motlakase li atile. Joalo ka maloetse, taolo ea likokonyana e etsoa hantle ka ho fetisisa lihlahisoa tsa biological phytoverm, actofit, mycoafidin, metarizine, nemabact, verticillin, bicol, biotlin, dendrobacillin, lepidocide, jj.
Ts'ebeliso ea lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko ha e utloise batho bohloko, liphoofolo, linonyana le likokoanyana tse molemo. Litokisetso tsena li ka sebelisoa ho fihlela kotulong. Ts'ebeliso ea tsona, tekanyetso le ho hlatsuoa, khafetsa le nako ea ho fafatsa li bontšoa ho likhothaletso tse latelang. Ho bonolo ho lokisa motsoako oa litanka ho tsoa ho bona, kaha lithethefatsi tse ling ke tsa motho ka mong. Pele u lokisa motsoako oa tanka, hoa hlokahala ho hlahloba litokisetso tsa ho ikamahanya le maemo.
