Li-eggplant, joalo ka meroho e meng ea serapeng, li tšoaetsoa ke mafu le likokonyana. Ho phetha litlhahiso tsohle tsa ho lema lijalo mobung o bulehileng, o ka fokotsa palo ea kalafo ea lijalo ho tsoa tšenyo ke mafu le likokonyana. 'Me ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa biological ho sireletsa malapeng ho ka fumana lihlahisoa tse tikolohang.
EggplantMehato ea Agrotechnical ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho tsoa ho mafu
Mohato o ka sehloohong o fokotsang boholo ba tšenyo ea peo ea limela ka mafu a mofuta oa fungal ke ho khetholoha hoa moetlo, ke hore, temo ho potoloha ha setso le ho khutlela sebakeng sa eona sa pele ho feta lilemo tse 3-5.
Hoa hlokahala ho hlophisa li-eggplant feela ho latela ba buelletsoeng pele: li-legames, mahapu, lihoete, likomkomere, lieie, hop ea pele le tse ling.
Jala feela lipeo tsa li-eggplant tse phetseng hantle ntle le matšoao a senya ka mafu kapa likokonyana.
Thibela ho lema ka bongata, felisa manyolo a mangata haholo, haholo moiteli oa naetrojene.
Ho lema le ho jala li-eggplant ho lokela ho etsoa feela ka mefuta e sa tsoaneng e leng hantle ho loantša eseng ho lefu le le leng, empa ho sehlopha sa maloetse.
Ho hlophisoa ha mobu bakeng sa ho lema lipeo tsa li-eggplant sebakeng se bulehileng
Ka hoetla, mobu o tletse ka humus, manyolo a holileng tsebong ka kenyelletso ea menontsha ea phosphorus-potasiamo. Bakeng sa sekwere sa 1. Lik'hilograma tse 6,6 tsa manyolo, khalase ea molora oa patsi, 30 g ea superphosphate le 20 g ea manyolo a potasiamo li sebelisoa mefuteng ea mobu ea bohareng. Haeba mobu o felile, sekhahla sa moiteli se imena habeli. Mobu o tiileng oa hore manyolo a sebelisoe manyolo a manyane a nang le manyolo a mangata. Bakeng sa ho eketsa khaello ea metsi le moea oa mobu, ho jala hoetla le ho hola siderat ho sebelisitsoe ka katleho morao tjena. Mobu o chekiloe ka lekolokoti le felletseng la kharafu. Ka ho cheka ho tebileng, karolo ea lihlaha tsa malapa a bere ea senyeha.
Mobu oa ho lema li-eggplant mobung o bulehileng o lokiselitsoe hoetla. © P-ZillaTšenyo ea bere
Nakong ea selemo, sebaka se ka tlasa eggplant se theoleloa ka rake, e u lumellang hore o tlose kutu ea mobu le ho fokotsa mouoane oa mouoane. Ka ho qala ha boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo futhumetseng le ho futhumala ha lefatše ka sekhahla sa basal 10-15 cm ho isa ho + 14 ... + 15ºº kapa libeke tse 1-2 pele o fetisetsa lipeo mobung o bulehileng, mehato e nkuoa ho senya bere. Betha e lematsa hoo e batlang e le lijalo tsohle, ka nako e tšoanang u ka sebetsana le morero oohle oa serapa.
Ho lokisa litšepe khahlanong le bere
Ka bomalimabe, mokhoa o sebetsang ka ho fetisisa oa ho senya bere ke lik'hemik'hale. Ka hona, ha o etsa mosebetsi, ela hloko ho boloka maemo a bohloeki bakeng sa ho boloka bophelo bo botle.
Ho ipapisitsoe le boholo ba jarete, pheha ho fihlela halofo e lekana le lijalo tsa lijo-thollo (koro, rye, oats), lijo-thollo leha e le life tse kholo, lijo-thollo tsa lierekisi. Tšela metsi a mangata. Sisekoeng se lokisitsoeng, eketsa likhaba tse 2-3 tsa oli ea soneblomo (ka ho khetholoha e sa hlalosoang ka monko) le li-ampoules tse peli tsa BI-58 kapa li-metaphos. U ka sebelisa chefo e bolaeang likokonyana ka monko o mong oa pungent. Hlohlelletsa motsoako hantle (ka liatlana tse habeli kapa molamu o sephara).
Bait
Arola tšimo ea jarete likwereng, u tšela mooko o sa tebang (cm) tse 2,5 ka cm 30-30-50 cm, o li tšollele ka metsi a manyane. Moisten e le hore moqomo o le mongobo haholo. Libere tse mobung o omileng li tsamaela mochesong. Kamora ho nosetsa, beha seolo se se lokiselitsoeng ka har'a mohala ebe o se tlatsa ka cm cm 2-3. Bere e hlasela chefo e bolaeang likokonyana, e bipetse mobung ebe ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e ea holimo. Ka linako tse ling bohloko bona bo nka matsatsi a 3-4. Kamora lihora tse 2-4, qala ho kotula bere, e le hore linonyana le likatse tsa malapeng li se ke tsa chefo. Ts'ebeliso ea nako ea Bait ka nako e telele ea lilemo tse 2-3 e ka boloka seratsoana ka 80-90% ho sena.
Ha o lema li-eggplant mobung o bulehileng, sirelletsa libethe ho disenyiHo jala lipeo tsa li-eggplant
Ho jala lipeo mobung o lokiselitsoeng ho etsoa ka tšohanyetso ea boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng ba sebaka seo, mobu o motle o futhumatsang ka lehare le nang le metso e 10 cm (eseng ka tlase ho + 15ºº). Lijalo tsa "eggplant" tse holileng li lokela ho ba le makhasi a 5-7-9 holima thupa e otlolohileng, li-buds tse tharo, metso ea metso e ntlafalitsoeng hantle ea metso.
Mantsiboea, lipeo tsa lapeng li tšeloa ka lipeo ka tharollo e mebala e nyane ea potanganum permanganate e nang le motso kapa moemeli o mong oa metso. Hoseng, pele ho lihora tse 10-11 kapa kamora lihora tse 16, lipeo li lenngoe lilibeng tse lokiselitsoeng. Haeba lipeo li rekoa 'marakeng, li tšiloe ka tharollo e tšoanang ka lihora tse 3-4, li tšeloe ka mobung-humus mash mme li lenngoe mobung, kamora ho fafatsa ka tharollo ea 1% ea metsi a Bordeaux.
Li-eggplant li mela ka libeke tsa pele tse butle butle butle. Ba khathalitsoe ke ho fetisoa, kapele ba lahleheloa ke mongobo, haholoholo ha ho bata letsatsi. Makhasi a lahleheloa ke turgor, fella, limela li ka lahleheloa ke li-buds tsa pele. Nakong ena, ho molemo ho koahela li-eggplant ka spandbond e le 'ngoe (lintho tse ling), e behiloeng litseng tse phahameng (30-40 cm) ho tloha mahlaseling a tukang a letsatsi. Ka ho qala hoa kholo e sebetsang, bolulo ba nakoana boa tlosoa.
Maloetse a li-eggplant nakong ea nako ea ho hola
Nakong ea ho hola, moetlo o tšoeroe ke tšenyo ea maloetse a 'maloa, ao ho ona a kotsi ka ho fetisisa e le motso le metso ea bola, tracheomycosis (fusarium, verticillosis, morao blight), mosaic ea makhasi, likholomo. Ho bola le libaktheria ho ama metso ea li-eggplant, e lebisang lefung la semela sohle. Ntle le ho bola ha motso, setso se angoa ke li-fungus tse mpe, libaktheria le livaerase tse bakang maloetse a mangata a mangata le litholoana tsa maiketsetso. Ho na le mekhoa e 'maloa ea ho loants'a maloetse a le li-eggplant, a sebelisa ona a sebelisang mobu le karolo ea moea ea moetlo:
- Litokisetso tsa biochemical ha li kotsi ho limela, batho, liphoofolo le likokoanyana tse molemo (linotši),
- lik'hemik'hale tse bolaeang lefu ka potlako. Empa li ama bophelo bo botle ba motho le boleng ba lihlahisoa, moo masapo a lik'hemik'hale a bokellanang.
- litlhare tsa setso, ka mofuta oa li-decoctions le infusions tsa limela tse nang le thepa ea fungicidal le insecticidal.
Ntle le likokonyana tsa likokoanyana, li-eggplant li ka angoa ke mafu a fungal le vaerase. © Kat LynchMekhoa ea likokoana-hloko ea ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho tsoa ho mafu
Ho holisa lihlahisoa tse nang le tikoloho kahara naha, ho bohlokoa hore o tlohe tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale. Hajoale, balemi ba lirapa ba ikemetseng ba na le monyetla oa ho lema lijalo ba sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso tse entsoeng motheong oa lisebelisoa tsa tlhaho (fungal le microflora e sebetsang hantle ea bacteria). Ba bitsoa lithethefatsi tsa EM. Li sebetsa ka microflora ea pathogenic mobung le limela tse tala, e le bahanyetsi, ba senya pathogen e bakang lefu lena.
Ho omella ntle le ho sa utloahaleng hoa bongata ba li-eggplant ho ka supa tšenyo ea metso ea moetlo ka ho bola ho bola hoa mefuta e fapaneng ea "etiology". Lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tse entsoeng motheong oa li-microflora tse sebetsang hantle tsa fungal (trichodermin, ampelomycin, coniotirin) le bacteric biofungicides (phytosporin-M, alirin-B, lerir, haupsin, planriz, glyocladine, binoram, bactofite) li sebelisoa ho hloekisa mobu ho tsoa ho pathogenic pathogenic. Ho fokotsa palo ea kalafo, o ka lokisa motsoako oa litanka tsa lihlahisoa tse 'maloa tsa bioloji.
Hopola! Ha ho etsoa motsoako oa tanka, tharollo ea e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e sebelisitsoeng e lokiselitsoe ka thoko ho latela litaelo, ebe li ea hlahlojoa hore li lumellane. Ka phello e ntle, tharollo ea motho ka mong e felisitsoeng e tsoakoa ka mohopolo o le mong.
Ha li kopantsoe, litharollo tsa tanka li ntlafatsa phello ea tsona ho microflora ea pathogenic. Fungal-based biofungicides e kenella ho mycelium ea fungus ea pathogenic ebe ea e senya, 'me ka "bacterial" e le ngoe e "sebetse" joalo ka lithibela-mafu. Ho chesa mobu, o ka sebelisa litokisetso tse omileng tsa Emochka-Bokashi kapa tharollo ea ho sebetsa ea litokisetso tse ling tsa EM, ho kenyelletsa le tse thehiloeng ho Baikal EM-1 tsepamisa maikutlo.
Sistimi ea tlhaho ea kalafo ea lihlahisoa tsa limela
Ho fapana le lik'hemik'hale, lihlahisoa tsa bioloji li ke ke tsa senya lefu lena ka ts'ebeliso e le 'ngoe. Li hloka ho sebelisoa ka nako e telele haholo, haholo ha pula e na kapa ha ho na. Ka hona, bakeng sa ho fokotsa palo ea liphekolo, li-biologics li sebelisoa hantle ka mokhoa oa motsoako oa litanka, tse tla sireletsa limela ho tsoa ho mafu a 'maloa ka nako e le' ngoe.
Bakeng sa ho jala li-eggplant mobung, khetha maemo a phetseng hantle a lipeo, ntle le matšoao a ho kula. © JenMetsoako e latelang ea tanka e ka lokisetsoa ho senya.
- trichodermin + ampelomycin + glyocladin + binoram;
- glyocladine + binoram;
- trichodermin + bactofit;
- planriz + koniotirin le ba bang.
Hangata kalafo e atisang ho etsoa hangata ha e hlahise litholoana tse ntle. E le hore li-biologics li sebetse hantle, kalafo ea limela e qala methating ea pele. Phekolo ea pele ea mobu ka motsoako oa tanka kapa sehlahisoa se ikemetseng sa biology se etsoa ka matsatsi a 10-12 kamora ho jala lipeo mobung o bulehileng.
Sistimi ea ts'ebetso ea lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko
Ka lefu le hlakileng la limela (li-buds tse oeleng, yellowing kapa ho sotha makhasi, makhasi a chlorosis, Powdery hlobo, joalo-joalo), li fetela ho lingaka tsa kalafo ka tharollo ea lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho. Nakong eohle ea ho hola, limela li fafatsoa ka tharollo ea phytosporin, lentsoeir, alirin, bactofite, binoram le tse ling kamora matsatsi a 7- 7. Karolong ea li-budding le pokello ea bobeli ea litholoana, li-microelement li eketsoa ka tharollo. O ka eketsa alirin, majir kapa phytosporin ho motsoako oa tanka o lokiselitsoeng ho fafatsa mobu le ho fafatsa limela ka motsoako o rarahaneng. Mokhoa ona o tla eketsa katleho ea kalafo. Haeba ho na le litlhare bakeng sa tšenyo ea fungal le baktheria, lithethefatsi ha li so hlahisoe bakeng sa mafu a vaerase (mosaic, jj). Limela tse amehileng li tlosoa tšimong ebe lia chesoa.
Ha o sebetsa ka biofungicides, ho hlokahala hore o tsebe lefu lena ka ho hlaka le ho phekola limela ho latela likhothaletso tsa ts'ebeliso ea sehlahisoa sena sa tlhaho. Ka tlhahlobo e fosahetseng ea lefu lena, sethethefatsi se ke ke sa sebetsa. Haeba o sa tsebe bonnete ba lefu lena, phekola limela ka motsoako oa tanka khahlanong le likokoana-hloko tse 'maloa.
Mekhoa ea lik'hemik'hale ea ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho tsoa ho mafu
Ho dachas le malapa a ikemetseng, tšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale bakeng sa kalafo ea lijalo tsa jareteng ea meroho le serapa le masimong a shrub ha e khothalletsoe. Litokisetso tsa lik'hemik'hale li na le nako e telele ea ho bola, masala a lik'hemik'hale a ama hampe 'mele oa motho, liphoofolo, linonyana le likokoana-hloko tse thusang. Ha u sebelisa lik'hemik'hale, litsebi li khothaletsa ho emisa kalafo pele khoeli e se e sa sebetse le ho e sebelisa ho latela likhothaletso.
Litokisetso tsa lik'hemik'hale ha li lumellane kaofela, tse ling li na le thepa e sithabetsang khahlano le pathogen e itseng, e sebetsang e le motheo oa ts'ebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse fapaneng, ho bolelang hore palo ea kalafo e eketseha makhetlo a mangata. Haufinyane, lik'hemik'hale tse ncha li bontšitsoe li sebetsa hantle ka tekanyetso e tlase haholo mme li na le nako e fokolitsoeng ea ho leta (ho tloha matsatsing a 3-10 ho isa ho a 12-20). Ho hlokahala hore u sebetse ka litokisetso tsa lik'hemik'hale ka hloko haholo le ka nepo, hore u se ke ua nkuoa ke ho eketsa litekanyetso nakong ea sesepa, ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ts'ireletso, ho sireletsa litho tsa phefumoloho, mahlo le letlalo ho chefo.
Sisteme ea kalafo ea limela e sebelisa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana
Khahlano le ts'oaetso ea maloetse (grey bola, blight ea morao-rao, ho bona ha baktheria, leoto le letšo), li-eggplant li sebelisa metsi a Bordeaux, vitriol, Cuproxate, Abiga-peak, tsikhom, lapeng le tse ling. Ho ea ka sistimi e ntlafalitsoeng ea kalafo ea limela, mehato ea ts'ireletso e qala libeke tse 3-4 kamora ho hlaha le ho tsoelapele libeke tse 2-3 kamora ho jala lipeo mo fatshe. Ho sebetsa ho tsoela pele nako le nako ea matsatsi a 7 ho isa ho a 14, ho latela maemo a leholimo.
Hoa khoneha ho loants'a mafu ho li-eggplant ka litokisetso tsa biochemical le lik'hemik'hale, hammoho le litlhare tsa setso. © Amanda ByrdTšireletso ea Likokoana-hloko ea Eggplant
Likokoana-hloko tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa ke li-aphid le kokoana-hloko ea litapole ea Colorado. Hoaba - kokoanyana e anyang e ka felisang jala ea lehe ka matsatsi a 'maloa. Ba nka lijalo tsa semela se kaholimo (makhasi, makhasi, lipalesa) 'me ba anya lero la semela kaofela. Monokotšoai oa litapole tsa Colorado nakong ea nako ea ho hola o theha meloko e mengata, o senya ho fihla ho 80% ea sejalo. Ka ho phekola likokoanyana tsena, "spider mite" e tla senngoa ka nako e le ngoe. Chesa e anyang e baka tšenyo e kholo lijalong.
Mekhoa ea likokoana-hloko ea ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho likokonyana
Lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tse sirelletsang moetlo ho likokonyana li bitsoa bioinsecticides. Li ntlafalitsoe motheong oa lihlopha tsa li-fungus tse sebetsang hantle (avermectins), libaktheria le sehlopha sa mobu tse entomopathogenic nematode.
Bioinsecticides e bakang likokoana-hloko e bolaea likokoana-hloko tsa likokoanyana le likokoanyana tse anyang. Li-biologics tse atileng ka ho fetisisa ke bitoxibacillin, lepidocide, phytoverm, basamil. Lithethefatsi li na le molemo hobane li ke ke tsa sebetsana le lijalo tsa meroho feela, empa le masimong a litholoana le a melee. Li sebelisoa ka katleho mobung o sirelelitsoeng.
Li-bioinsecticides tse thehiloeng ho li-Mushroom, tse ka sebelisetsoang ho phekola limela le nakong ea kotulo, ha li bohlokoa joalo bakeng sa taolo ea likokonyana. Mikoafidin, aversectin-C, avertin-N - biologics e shebane haholo. Li sebetsa ka botlalo ho feliseng likokoanyana litsing tsa pele tsa kholo. Metarizine le pecilomycin ka boomo li senya nematode, e bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa li-eggplant nakong ea ho hola lipeo le libekeng tsa pele tsa temo holima mobu o sireletsehileng o bulehileng.
Hlokomela! Li-bioinsecticides tse thehiloeng ho li-fungus tsa EM li sebetsa hantle feela tikolohong e mongobo ka mocheso oa hoo e ka bang + 25ºС. Ho fafatsa ka litlhare tsena ho etsoa hantle ka mor'a ho nosetsa, hoseng kapa kamora lihora tse 16. Li na le moho nakong ea polokelo. Ha leqhoa le tlas'a tšusumetso ea khanya ea letsatsi e tobileng, li lahleheloa ke thepa ea tsona e bolaeang likokoanyana. Likokoana-hloko tse bolaeang likokoana-hloko li ka sebelisoa ha ho kopanngoa le litanka ka biofungicides. Ho etsa tlhahlobo ea ho sebelisana le lithethefatsi hoa hlokahala. Litekanyetso le lipallo tsa kalafo li lokela ho etsoa ho latela litaelo, ho seng joalo phello e fokotsoe haholo.
Ts'ebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho likokonyana
Khahlanong le likokoanyana tse anyang le tse ntseng li tsuba, li-eggplant li phekoloa ka lekunutu, letheba, li-decis-pro, vertimek, Inta-Vir Actellik le ba bang. Ka lebaka la kotsi ea tsona, ts'ebetso e emisoa pele e lipalesa. Haeba sethethefatsi se entsoe ka nako e loketseng, joale li-spray tsa 1-2 li lekane. Ea pele e etsoa ha ho tsoa likotsi tse le 'ngoe ka sepheo sa ho thibela pelehi' me ea bobeli kamora libeke tse peli. Ka liso tsa epiphytotic ea limela, ho fafatsa ho etsoa matsatsing a mang le a mang a 10 ka e 'ngoe ea lithethefatsi tsena kapa motsoako oa tanka. Hopola! Mekhoa eohle ea kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale e phethoa pele ho palesa e kholo ea sejalo.
Tšireletso e tlang ka nako ea limela tsa lijalo ho tsoa ho mafu le likokonyana ke senotlolo sa kotulo e ntle. © diggleburnzMekhoa ea setso ea ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho tsoa ho mafu le likokonyana
Mekhoa ea setso ea ho sireletsa li-eggplant ho tsoa ho mafu le likokonyana li theoha ho etsa li-decoctions le infusions litlama le ho li fafatsa ka lijalo tse kulang le tse senyehileng. Hoa hlokahala ho hlakisa hang-hang hore ho fafatsa ha pele ha hoa lekana, 'me ho fafatsa ka bongata ha ho na kotsi joalo ka ha ho bonahala. Ka 'nete, ts'ebeliso ea li-decoctions tsa litlama tse chefo le eona e ama likokoana-hloko mme, ka nako e ts'oanang, ha se phello e lakatsehang ho bophelo ba motho. Mohlala: ho tsamaisa peo ka lerole la koae, ho fafatsa ka moro oa hemlock le seboko kapa litapole tse tšoanang, tseo ka nako ea limela li fafalitsoeng ka lik'hemik'hale ho tsoa likokonyana tse 'maloa.
- Balemi ba bang ba lirapa ba khothaletsa hoaba le hoaba ka makhopho a bona hore ba lokise li-decoctions tsa lengana, chamomile, yarrow le ho li fafatsa ka limela.
- Ka katleho e senya li-aphids tsa makhasi a hoetla a nati. Ka hoetla, tlatsa botlolo ea tšepe ka 2/3 ea makhasi a nati, tšela metsi a belang ka holimo ebe u koala sekwahelo ka thata. Nakong ea hoetla-mariha-selemo, makhasi a tšeloa. E fetoha mohopolo. Tharollo ea ho sebetsa e lokiselitsoe ho eona. Li-litha tse 1-2 li qhibiliha ka lilithara tse 8-10 tsa metsi mme limela lia fafatsoa. Pele o hloka ho fafatsa semela se le seng le ho bona karabelo ea setso ho sebelisa tharollo bakeng sa lihora tse 3-4. Haeba thibelo ea semela e sa hlahe, joale o ka fafatsa.
- Khahlano le li-aphid, ho fafatsa ka molora kapa ho fafatsa ka molora oa ho kenella hoa thusa. Li-lino tse 1,0-1,5 tsa molora li nkuoa ka ho ya ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi. Tsitlella mots'eare, sefahleho le ho fafatsa limela. Sesepa e tala kapa ea ho hlatsuoa e kenyelletsoa tharollong eohle bakeng sa khokahano e khabane ea decoction.
- Ho latela litlhahlobo tsa balemi ba lirapa ba bang, litlatse tse nyane tsa kokoanyana ea limela le li-aphid tsa Colorado li timetsoa ka nepo ha li sebelisa ho fafatsa ka mokhoa o rarahaneng. Feta ka grinder ea nama khalase ea makhasi a dandelion, lieie le chives. Motsoako o tšeloa ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi ka tlatsetso ea likhaba tse 1 tsa sesepa. Tsitlella lihora tse 2-3, sefaha ebe u fafatsa limela. Ka katleho e lekanang, sekho, makhopho a sefahleho le makhoaba a kokoanyana ea litapole ea Colorado a shoa maemong afe kapa afe a ntlafatso.
Ho na le lipokano tse ngata tsa naha le liqeto tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea lipina. Litlamorao li fapane, 'me molemi e mong le e mong a ka leka tharollo a le mong, a khetha litlolo bakeng sa tse fanang ka phello e ntle ha a sebelisoa. Re lokela ho tseba hore ho latela melao le lintho tse hlokoang ka nako ea kalafo ho tla etsa bonnete ba hore sejalo se kotuloa ka tšebeliso e fokolang ea baemeli ba bang ba ts'ireletso khahlano le mafu le likokonyana.
