Tlhahlobo ea katleho ea biological (thepa e susumetsang le ea biocontrol) ea sehlahisoa sa Trichoplant biological
Hajoale, litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko tse thehiloeng ho li-micromycetes tsa mofuta oa tlhaho li sebelisoa haholo ntoeng ea ho loants'a le phytopathogenic microorganisms. Trichoderma Golovanova, 2008 .. Ho bua e le baahi ba tlhaho ea likarolo tse ngata tsa tlhaho le tsa maiketsetso, li eketseha ka potlako maemong a setso le tlhaho, ha li sa patathogen bakeng sa limela, liphoofolo le batho, li-mushroom tsa mofuta Trichoderma etsa ntho e bonolo bakeng sa boithuto le nts'etsopele motheong oa mekhoa ea bona e sebetsang ea biocontrol ea phytopathogenic microorganisms Alexandrova, 2003; Colombet, 2007; Rudakov, 1981; Seiketov, 1982; Atef, 2011. Mabapi le taba ena, mosebetsi oa bohlokoa ke ho batla likarolo tse ncha tse sebetsang Trichoderma le popo motheong oa lihlahisoa tse ncha tse sebetsang tsa bioloji, hammoho le katoloso ea bongata ba tse teng.
Ho tloha ka data ea mahlale a saense ea monyetla oa ho sebelisa micromycetes Trichoderma longibrachiatum Joaloka moemeli oa biocontrol, o ts'episang tlhahiso ea lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko, ha hoa ka ha fumanoa hore sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho lekola thepa ea biocontrol le e susumetsang ea sehlahisoa sa Trichoplant biological se thehiloeng ho Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6
Boithuto ba thepa e khothaletsang kholo ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko e ile ea etsoa motheong oa lilaboratori tsa NPO Biotehsoyuz ka 2014 tlasa maemo a boiphihlelo ba limela tsa semmuso bakeng sa Workshop mabapi le Agrochemistry, 2001. Peo ea likhaba le lipeo li ile tsa sebelisoa e le lintho tsa ho ithuta (Cucumis sativus L.) mefuta ea Phoenix 640, koro e tloaelehileng ea mariha (Triticum a festivalum L., fapaneng. erythrospermum) mefuta e sa tsoaneng Zagrava, tamati (Lycopersicon escreatum Mill.) Mefuta ea agate.
Boithuto ba thepa e khothaletsang kholo ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko. Litlamorao tsa sethethefatsi TRIHOPLANT ho tsoele pele ho peo le kholo ea lijalo li ile tsa etsoa nakong ea tsoele pele ho mela ea peo khahlanong le bokapele ba moriana o nang le spore titer bonyane 1 × 105 CFU / cm3(Tharollo ea 1.0% ea sehlahisoa se felileng) le metsi a pompo a rarollang (taolo). Bakeng sa lintho tsohle tse ithutoang, matšoao a latelang a ile a hlahlojoa: matla a tsoele pele ho mela le tsoele pele ho peo ho latela likhothaletso tsa lingoloa tse amehang tsa GOST 12038-84, botsoalle, sekhahla sa tsoele pele ho mela Pospelov, 2013; Ugubnov, 2014 le matla a kholo ea peo ha e mela lehlabatheng la Karpin, 2012. Ho lipeo le limela, maemong a teko ea limela tsa laboratori, bophahamo ba sebaka se kaholimo le bolelele ba likarolo tse ka tlase ho lefats'e ka matla ho la 7, la 14 le la 21 Pherekhong e ile ea ithutoa. biomass e omileng le e tala. Bakeng sa ho hola moetlong oa metsing ka tlasa maemo a hola a laboratori, lipeo tsa semela li ile tsa fetisetsoa likotomaneng tse nang le bokhoni ba lebitso la 550-560 ml le 500 cm3 tharollo ea liminerale Pryanishnikov Exercicum ..., 2001. Limela li ile tsa lengoa ka lifoto tsa lihora tse 16, phytoluminostat e nang le tsela e otlolohileng ea mahlakore a mabeli e nang le mabone a LD-30W ka khanya ea flux e matla ea 130 W / m2.
Boithuto ba thepa ea biocontrol ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko. Katleho ea biolo ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko Trichoplant e ile ea ithutoa litekong tsa mohlala ho sebelisoa litso tse hloekileng tsa mofuta oa tlhahiso. Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 le phytopathogenic micromycetes (Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora infestans, Alternaria sp.) e arotsoe ke limela tse anngoeng ke mafu a fapaneng: spike fusarium, fusarium wilt, alternariosis, rhizoctoniosis, jj. Ho sebetsa hantle ha tlhaho mabapi le phytopathogenic micromycetes ho ile ha khethoa ke mokhoa oa setso o habeli ho potato-glucose agar (GOST 12044-93) ho latela mokhoa o hlalositsoeng ho monographic Rudakova (1981, leq. 44, joalo ka ha ho lokisitsoe). Katleho ea likokoana-hloko T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 mabapi le phytopathogenic micromycetes, e hlahisitsoeng ka mefuta e fapaneng ea ts'ebelisano, e ile ea hlahlojoa mme ea tšoauoa ho latela polelo e hlalositsoeng ho Pat. SU No. 1671684 ka tlatsetso le liphetoho. Ho theha likamano tsa microparasitic, litokisetso tsa microscopic tsa mofuta o "fokotsehileng" li ile tsa hlophisoa ho latela mekhoa e amoheloang hangata ho mycology, e neng e le microscopic mme e nkuoe foto e sebelisa sesebelisoa sa LOMO MIKMED-6 var 7 ka sesebelisoa se fapaneng.
Mefuta e khothalletsang kholo ea sehlahisoa sa Trichoplant biological. Joalokaha ho bontšitsoe ke lithuto tse tlasa tšusumetso ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko TRIHOPLANT, matla a tsoele pele ho mela a eketsehile ka 3.0-12,5%, mme tsoele pele ho mela ea litso tse ithutoang e eketsehile ka 7.7-19.0% (Tafole 1).
Lethathamo la 1. Phello ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa Trichoplant mabapi le phetoho ea matla a ho mela le ho mela hoa peo ea lijalo tse fapaneng (X ± Sx)Joalo ka ha lithuto li bonts'itse, tlasa ts'usumetso ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa TRIHOPLANT, matšoao a joalo ka botsoalle ba peo ea peo a ile a eketseha (ka 0,8-1,4%, Tafole ea 2), empa nako ea karolelano eo peo e le 'ngoe e ileng ea mela (kholo ea kholo ea peo e eketsehile ka 0, Matsatsi a 6-1.0, tafoleng ea 3). Phekolo ea peo e nang le sehlahisoa sa Trichoplant biological le eona e bile le phello e matlafatsang bokhoni ba lipeo ba ho theha lipeo tse matla: matla a kholo ea peo a ile a eketseha ka 0.5-2.4 rel. (tab. 5).
Lethathamo la 2. Phello ea sehlahisoa sa limela tsa Trichoplant phetohong ea botsoalle ba peo ea peo ea lijalo tse fapaneng (X ± Sx) 
Lethathamo la 3. Phello ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa Trichoplant mabapi le phetoho ea sekhahla sa tsoele pele ho mela ea lijalo tse fapaneng (X ± Sx)Ho latela sephetho sa lithuto, mofuta oa likomkomere oa Phoenix 640 e bile o arabelang ka ho fetisisa ketsong ea sehlahisoa sa tlhaho, mabapi le seo, lithuto tse ling li ileng tsa etsoa ka setso sena. Boithuto ba phello ea lithethefatsi TRIHOPLANT bophahamong ba likarolo tsa leholimo tsa limela tsa likomkomere ka la 7, la 14 le la 21 matsatsi li bontšitse hore, ha ho bapisoa le taolo e fapaneng ea teko, bophahamo ba likarolo tsa leholimo tsa limela tsa likomkomere tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea Phoenix 640 ka letsatsi la 7 le la 14. e eketsehile ka 12.5-39.1% (tafole. 5).
Boithuto bo bontšitse hore, ha ho bapisoa le taolo, kalafo ea limela tsa likomkomere le sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko Trichoplant li kentse letsoho keketseho ea boima ba metsi ba likarolo tsa sefofaneng ka 21.7% le boima ba metsi ba sistimi ka 2.2%. Phekolo ea Trichoplant e boetse e kentse keketseho ea semela se omileng sa semela: kamanong le taolo, boima ba karolo ea sefofane bo eketsehile ka 0.12 g (41,7%), le boima ba metso ea methapo, ka lehlakoreng le leng, bo fokotsehile ka 0,019 g (kapa 5.9%) ( tafole ea 6).
Lethathamo la 4 Phello ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa Trichoplant mabapi le phetoho ea matla a kholo ea peo ea lijalo tse fapaneng (X ± Sx) 
Lethathamo la 5. Phello ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa Trichoplant holima kholo le mekhoa ea ntlafatso ea limela tsa likomkomere tsa Phoenix 640 ka kalafo e le 'ngoe ea motso 
Lethathamo la 6. Phello ea sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko tsa Trichoplant lits'ebetsong tsa ho bokelloa ha biomass ke limela tsa likomkomere tsa mofuta oa Phoenix 640Mefuta ea biocontrol ea mofuta oa khatello Trichoderma longibrachiatum Gf 2/6. Boithuto ba katleho ea likokoana-hloko ea mofuta Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6, ha e hatella kholo ea likholone tsa phytopathogenic micromycetes - likokoana-hloko tsa tracheomycosis, fusarium, motso bola le ho bona, joalo ka mohlala Fusarium avenaceum, F. solani le F. sporotrichioides; Alternaria sp., Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani, Cladosporium cucumerinum e bontshitse seo T. longibrachiatum ho qala ho tloha ka letsatsi la boraro la ho lema ka kotloloho ka li-phytopathogen, e bonts'a khang ea fungistatic ea sebakeng se phahameng, e sitisa kholo ea "phytopathogen" holim 'a setsi sa phepo ea mantlha (sa feiga. 1).
Ka la 4 - 5 matsatsi a ho lema koae, ho fokotseha hoa kholo ea kholone ea likokoana-hloko tsa mycoses ka ho qaleha ha ponahatso ea motsoako o thibelang likokoana-hloko le "antentary antagonism" ho ile ha hlokomeloa ka mefuta eohle e ithutoang, eo ka letsatsi la 7 e ileng ea bontšoa e le keketseho koloneng ea trichoderma koloneng ea likokoana-hloko (sa feiga. 1, 2) . Ka temo e tsoelang pele, likolone tsa phytopathogens li ile tsa hatelloa ka botlalo ke sehlopha sa Trichoderma, 'me tlhahlobo ea microscopic ea likolone tse joalo e bonts'itse setšoantšo sa parasism e tobileng Trichoderma ho phytopathogen (sa feiga 5).
Sa feiga. 1. Litlamorao tsa Trichoderma longibrachiatum GF 2/6 phetohong ea kholo ea likholone tsa phytopathogenic micromycetes - likokoana-hloko tsa tracheomycosis, fusariosis, leihlo la mohloaare, rhizoctonia, alternariosis le ho fifala ha morao. 
Sa feiga. 2. Phetoho ho morphology ea likolone tsa phytopathogenic micromycetes ha li lengoa ka kopanelo le T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 bakeng sa matsatsi a 7: a - Fusarium avenaceum, b - Fusarium solani, c - Fusarium sporotrichioides, d - Cladosporium cucumerinum, e - Phytopopholumum - Rhizoctonia solani, w-Alternaria sp. 
Sa feiga. 3. Alimentary fungistatic antagonism (parasitism e tobileng) ea T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (e holofalitsoeng × 16): sebaka sa kholo sa kholomo ea Trichoderma; b - Keketseho ea Trichoderma le tikoloho ea parasitism ho F. solani (I) kapa F. sporotrichioides (II); c - kolone ea F. solani (I) kapa F. sporotrichioides (II). 
Sa feiga. 4. Tsela e otlolohileng ea likokoana-hloko tsa T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 kamanong le likolone tsa Cladosporium cucumerinum (a), Phytophthora infestans (b), Rhizoctonia solani (c) (holisitsoe × 16) 
Sa feiga. 5. Hyphae ea T. longibrachiatum GF 2/6 (e bonts'itsoeng ke metsu) e keneng phytopathogenic micromycete mycelium hyphae Rhizoctonia solani (magn. X 1600)Qeto Kahoo, ho latela liphetho tsa lithuto, ho ile ha theoa hore tsoele pele ho mela ea koro, likomkomere le peo ea tamati khahlano le semelo sa sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko TRIHOPLANT e eketsa matla a peo ea peo ka 3-12%, le ho mela peo ea lijalo tsena ka 7-19%, mme e thusa ho eketsa matla a peo ka 0, 5-2.4%. Boithuto bo bontšitse hore sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko TRIHOPLANT, se na le tšusumetso holima kholo ea lijalo tsa likomkomere. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea kalafo e le 'ngoe, bophahamo ba karolo e kaholimo e ile ea eketseha ka 25,8%, boima ba metsi ba karolo e kaholimo e nyoloha ka 21%, mme ho bokelloa ha ntho e ommeng ke karolo e kaholimo ea limela tsa likomkomere ho eketsehile ka 41,7%.
Boithuto ba thepa ea biocontrol molaoana o sebetsang oa sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko TRICHOPLANT - micromycete Trichoderma longibrachiatum qobella GF 2/6 khahlano le phytopathogenic micromycetes Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium sporotrichioides, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Phytophthora infestans, Rhizoctonia solani le Alternaria sp. e bonts'itse hore mofuta ona o na le tekanyo e itseng ea ts'ebeliso ea biological e sebetsang, i.e. mabapi le likokoana-hloko tse ithutoang tsa maloetse a semela a bonts'a thepa ea biocontrol e hlahisoang ka kotloloho ho parasism (fungistatic alimentary antagonism) kamanong le Ph. baeti, Rh. solani, C. cucumerinum, F. sporotrichioides, F. solani, F. avenaceum, le Alternaria sp; fungistatic antiotic le antagonism antagonism - ho fokotsa le ho hatella nts'etsopele ea mycelium ea phytopathogens mabapi le F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, C. cocumerinum, Ph. baeti, Rh. solani le Alternaria sp.
Sidyakin A.I., Filonenko V.A. - NGO Biotechsoyuz.
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