Sebopeho sa lelapa le pinki (Rosaceae) e kenyelletsa mefuta ea limela tse peli tse khahlisang - Aronia (Aronia) le molora oa thaba (Sorbus) Aronia le molora oa lithaba ke ba amanang le bongaka ba maemo a bophelo, empa maemong a mofuta ona a na le phapang ea tlhaho. Ho lekane ho sheba ka hloko sebopeho sa makhasi, tloaelo ea semela ka kakaretso, sebaka sa phepelo, litlhoko tsa tikoloho le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale ho utloisisa hore tsena ke limela tse fapaneng. E fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Segerike, mofuta oa karolo ea chokeberry o fetoleloa e le tholoana e ntšo, ka hona lebitso le felletseng ka Serussia - chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Bathong hangata ho thoe ka phoso ke chokeberry.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapa Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Aronia chokeberry e boetse e ferekanngoa le "chokeberry Michurin" hape e boetse e bitsoa chokeberry ea eona. Ho latela pono ea botanical, aronia ea Michurin ha se aroke chokeberry ka ho felletseng, empa ke mefuta ea eona e fapaneng ka li-chromosomes tse fapaneng. Ka mantsoe a mang, tsena ke limela tse fapaneng tsa mofuta o le mong. Aronia Michurin (Aronia mitschurinii) hape ha se molora oa thaba. Rowan, ka litšobotsi tsa eona tsa tlhaho, ke oa mofuta o fapaneng ka ho felletseng - Sorbus, o nang le lebitso le tloaelehileng tsamaisong ea semela - tloaelehileng (Sorbus aucuparia).
Tlhaloso ea botanical ea chokeberry chokeberry
Choke ka Greek e bolela mothusi, thuso, hantle. Aronia chokeberry - mothusi oa pele ho motho, ho tloha mehleng ea khale, ngaka ea bohlokoa kalafong ea batho ba bangata, ba bangata ba hae.
Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, aronia ea chokeberry e hola ho tloha 0.5 ho isa ho 2.0 m ka bolelele. Mefuta e holiloeng e fihla ho 3-4 m - ena ke sehlahla se seholo se nang le makala, moqhaka oa sona o hola ka lilemo, o nka bolelele ba 2-2,5 m.
Sisteme ea motsoako oa chokeberry aronia e fibrous, e ntlafalitsoe hantle, e lula mobung o kaholimo ho 40-60 cm, e hloka ho nosetsoa ka ho hloka mongobo. Sisteme ea motso ha e atolohe ka nqa ea likarolo tsa kantle tsa moqhaka. Ntsu ea selemo le selemo ea 'mala o mofubelu, e qetellong e koahetsoe ke makhapetla a sootho.
Makhasi a Chokeberry a benyang, a bonolo, a boreleli. Sebaka se latela. Khaba ea lekhasi e tiile, ovate e ka morao, e kholo, ka linako tse ling e batla e le lisekoere (6-8x5-7 cm) e nang le mohala o kobehileng le o kobehileng. Bokaholimo ba lekhasi la makhasi bo bohale. 'Mala oa makhasi a chokeberry o botala bo khanyang. Litšoelesa tse ntšo le tse sootho li bonahala ka ho hlaka haufi le methapo ea lekhasi. Ka hoetla, 'mala oa makhasi o nka meriti e fapaneng -' mala oa lamunu, o mofubelu, o pherese, o fanang ka lihlahla mokhabiso o khanyang o motle.
Lipalesa tsa chokeberry li bisexual, tse bohareng ka boholo, kamehla. Corolla e tšoeu, e putsoa hanyane. Ho na le li-stamens tse 15-20 palesa, eo masiela a eona a pherese a leketlileng holim 'a sekhahla sa mapheo, e fa palesa boipiletso bo sa tloaelehang. Lipalesa li bokelloa ka likhalase tse rarahaneng ho fihla ho cm cm. Lipalesa "chokeberry" li qala ka Mots'eanong - Pherekhong ebe li nka libeke tse 2-3.
Monate oa chokeberry chokeberry o qala selemong sa 2 - 3. Litholoana ripen ka August - halofo ea pele ea September. Litholoana li na le lipalesa tse ntšo tse bosoeu bo loileng joaloka liapole tse thuntseng. Ka botala ba tlhaho, litholoana li na le lero, li monate ebile li bonolo. Ho na le lipeo tse 4 ho88 tsa "pulp" tsa "fetus".
Litholoana le lipalesa tsa chokeberry chokeberry ka ponahalo li tšoana hantle le lipalesa le litholoana tsa molora oa thaba, ka hona lebitso la bobeli le fosahetseng la chokeberry (chokeberry).
Chokeberry Aronia, kapa Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
Aronia chokeberry
Bochabela ba Amerika Leboea, moo chokeberry e hlaha e hola tlasa maemo a tlhaho, e nkoa e le sebaka seo e simolohileng ho sona. Karolo ea kabo ea chokeberry aronia e koahela libaka tse futhumetseng ho pholletsa le lefatše. E holile ka katleho Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan. Rephaboliking ea Russia, e hloa ka lihlahla tse arohaneng merung ea merung, metsaneng, karolong e ka tlase ea moru le sebaka se remiloeng sa meru ea Europe. "Chokeberry" e atile libakeng tsa Bohareng, tsa Volga, Karolong e ka Leboea ea North. Moetlo o thata oa mariha o hola hoo e batlang e le polasi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tikolohong ea Ural, West Siberian, Northwest, esita le Yakutia, le libakeng tse ling tsa karolo ea Asia ea Russia. Libakeng tse tšoauoang ke lithemparetjha tsa mariha ka hofeta -35 ° C, chokeberry chokeberry e inamele fatshe bakeng sa mariha, e e koahele ka makala a spruce kapa lehloa.
Aronia ea mofuta e na le mefuta e 15, empa e ile ea kenngoa moetlong mme ea sebeletsa e le motheo oa ho lema le ho hlahisoa ha mefuta ka libaka tse fapaneng tsa leholimo, e le 'ngoe feela - Aronia aronia.
Lijalo tse lenngoeng tsa "chokeberry" e le lisebelisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa bongaka li lengoa ka bongata indastering ho Altai. Libaka tsa bohlokoa li lula ke setso sa Ukraine, Belarus, linaha tsa Baltic. E sebelisoa e le semela sa bohlokoa sa mekhabiso bakeng sa mekhabiso ea libaka tsa lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, mabala, libaka tsa boikhathollo, terata ea tlhaho ea libaka.
Aronia - litlhare tse tala
Ka chokeberry aronia, makhasi a matala le litholoana li ncha ebile lia omisoa.
Litholoana tse butsoitseng li na le tsoekere e ka bang 10%, li-acid tse fetang 1%, ho fihla ho 1% pectin le ho fihlela ho 90% ntho e omileng. Litholoana tsa chokeberry chokeberry ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 30% li koahela tlhoko ea motho ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea livithamini (C, E, B1, B2, B6, B9, K, P, E, PP), macro- le li-microelements ka mokhoa oa letsoai la molybdenum, manganese, koporo, tšepe , boron, fluorine. Litaba tsa iodine tse "chokeberry" li phahame ho feta ka li-gooseberries, tse tala, fragole. Ka bongata haholo ka litholoana ho na le anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, catechins. Chokeberry aronia e khetholloa ke dikahare tsa eona tsa calcium tse ngata ka pele ho lijalo tse kang li-blackcurrant le lilamunu. Ho litholoana, ho feta 4%, le makhasi ho fihlela ho 1.5% ea flavonoids, ho kenyelletsa le rutin, quercetin, hesperidin. Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale tsa litholoana se hatisa bohlokoa ba chokeberry aronia, setso le lijo.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapa Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Lisebelisoa tse sebetsang tsa "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia e bopa ho fihlela ho 7-9 lik'hilograma tsa monokotsoai ho tsoa morung. Kotuloa pele ho serame sa ho qala. Li ka sebelisoa tse ncha le ho sebetsoa lero, veine, joala, likhomphutha. Ho tloha ho monokotsoai lokisa jeme, jeme, sirapo, marmalade, marshmallow, jelly. Monokotšoai o omisitsoe moeeng o bulehileng le ka li-dryer ka mocheso oa + 50 ... + 60 ° С. Litholoana tse omileng li bolokiloe ka mekotleng ea pampiri bakeng sa ho fihlela lilemo tse peli. Ho sebelisa tee ea litlama, makhasi a kotuloang ka mor'a hore lipalesa li ome. Monokotšoai o mocha oa "chokeberry" ka mocheso oa zero o bolokiloe nako e ka etsang selemo ntle le ho lahleheloa ke tatso le litšoaneleho tse phetseng hantle.
Ho tsoa litholoana tse sa tsoa omisoa le tse omisitsoeng, ho lokiselitsoe lipilisi le litlatsetso tse sebelisoang malapeng tse nang le ts'oaetso e fokotsitsoeng ea tsoekere, lefu la tsoekere, joalo ka prophylactic bakeng sa oncology, khatello ea mali. Li sebelisetsoa ho phekola vasculitis, e nang le khaello ea vithamine, e bohlokoa haholo, haholo ho bana ba nang le mathata a metabolic. Litholoana tsa chokeberry chokeberry li fokotsa cholesterol, li ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea endocrine le tsamaiso ea ho hema. Litholoana ke antiseptic e ntle. Ka tšebeliso e ntle lithethefatsi ho tloha litholoana le makhasi bakeng sa mafu a sebete, nyooko senya, pelo le methapo ea mali.
Hlokomela! U ke ke ua sebelisa chokeberry chokeberry e le sehlahisoa sa lijo le sehlahisoa sa meriana tlasa khatello e fokotsehileng, mafu a eketsehileng a mafu a ka mpeng, ho eketseha ha mali, thrombophlebitis.
Mokhoa oa ho holisa chokeberry chokeberry
Litlhoko tsa tikoloho
Aronia chokeberry ha e boima haholo maemong a tikoloho. Moetlo ke oa mariha ebile o moriti-o thata. Empa libakeng tse moriti e ha e behe litholoana ebile e ka sebelisoa feela e le moetlo o khabisang. E mamella habonolo serame sa -30 ... -35 ° C esita le -40 ° C. Nakong ea ho hola, e bopa chai e ngata ha e nosetsa le mabone a matle. Ho latela litlhoko tsa agrotechnical, sehlahla se hola ho fihla ho 3 m mme se bopa ho fihla ho li-50 tsa lilemo tse fapaneng.
Lema "chokeberry"
Chokeberry chokeberry ha e kenelle mobung 'me e hola ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng hape e ba le mobu o sa tetseng. Ha e mamelle mobu o nang le letsoai le lejoe, o phalla ka metso ea metso. E mamella mobu o nang le aciditi, empa mobu o sa nkeng lehlakore o nepahala haholo. Mobu oa Acidic ha o aroloe ka molora kapa phofo ea dolomite, kalaka e ka ba.
Ho lema lipeo tsa aroke chokeberry, o hloka ho reka malapeng a khethehileng kapa ho sebelisa letlobo la mefuta e tsebahalang.
Ho molemo ho lema lipeo hoetla pele ho nako ea mariha a batang kapa nakong ea selemo ka mor'a hore lehloa le qhibilihe (haeba mariha a batang haholo). Aronia aronia e bua ka lijalo tsa pele le lilemo tse 1-3 kamora hore lema le qale ho beha litholoana.
Pele o lema, lipeo tsa chokeberry chokeberry li khutsufatsa metso ho 25-30 cm ebe o khaola kutu ho isa ho li-buds tse 5,6. Peo ea mohloa e bolokoa lihora tse 'maloa ka tharollo ea motso kapa metsi.
Litokisetso tsa likoti tsa ho jala li etsoa libeke tse 2-3 pele u jala lipeo. Lits'ireletso tsa mapolanka li chekiloe ka boholo ba cm 50x50x60. Boholo bo pakeng tsa likoti tse lutang ke 2-2.5 m. Haeba ho lulisa ho etselitsoe terata kapa sepheo sa ho khabisa, ho lema ho ka holisoa ebe ho putlama kamora limilimitara tse 1-1,5.
Haeba mobu o felisitsoe ke limatlafatsi, joale mobu o bokeletsoeng o kopantsoe le sekoti sa lintho tse phelang (ha se sa le ncha), likhaba tse 2 tsa nitrophosphate, khaba ea potasiamo sulfate le likhaba tse peli tsa superphosphate li eketsoa. Ka mobu o nonneng, o ka ipehela mohloling oa humus le ho tsoa ho menontsha ea liminerale - nitrophos. Haeba mobu o le letsoai, o hloka ho etsa bakeke ea 0.5-1.0 ea peat kapa lehlabathe.
Aronia chokeberry e lenngoe ka tsela e tšoanang le lijalo tse ling tsa lihlahla tsa monokotšoai. Ha u lema, sebaka sa molala oa metso se hlahlojoa. E ke ke ea teba, hobane mokhoa ona o lebisa ho thehoeng ha palo e kholo ea letlobo. Haeba kholo e sa khaotsoe ka tatellano, sehlahla se tla koahela moriti ebe se lahleheloa ke tlhahiso.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapa Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Hlokomela "chokeberry"
Tlhokomelo ea chokeberry aronia e kenyelletsa ho lokolla mobu, ho nosetsa, ho kenya manyolo, ho poma le ho nchafatsa lihlahla, ho loants'a likokoanyana le mafu.
Nakong ea limela e omileng e sa omeleng, ho lema chokeberry chokeberry e nosetsoa ka mor'a matsatsi a 12-25 mme hang hang e kenngoe molemong oa ho lahleheloa ke mongobo o feteletseng. Ka lilemo, khafetsa oa ho nosetsa o fokotsehile, ha metso ea motho ka mong e teba ho isa ho 2 - 3 metres mme e ka fa li ikemela ka bolokolohi ka mongobo o hlokahalang.
Aronia chokeberry e feptjoa makhetlo a 2-3 ka selemo. Nakong ea selemo, motsoako oa moiteli kapa linthapo tsa linonyana tse nang le letsoai la potasiamo kapa molora lia lokisoa ebe o tsebisoa pele buds e buloa. Lekhetlo la bobeli ba fepuoa ka tharollo e nang le metsi ea manyolo pele ba lipalesa. Bakeng sa ho fepa sebelisa molora (linoelo tse 1-2), nitrophosphate (20-25 g), Kemir (20-30 g), manyolo a mang a nang le macro- le li-microelement. Hoetla, kamora ho kotula (ho latela boemo ba sejalo), superphosphate le sodium potasiamo li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho roala holimo, ka ho fapana, ho 50 le 30 g / sehlahla.
Nakong ea selemo, pele ho mela, ho itlhoekisa ka sanka ea selemo le selemo ho etsoa. Metsoako ea Aronia chokeberry e khaola boemong ba mobu. Ha e faola, letlobo le sa hlokahaleng le boetse lea senngoa, 'me le siea letlobo le itlhommeng hantle la 5-6. Ha a le lilemo li 5-7, ho faola limela ho etsoa. Ho nka sebaka sa letlobo le matla le ho fokotsa kholo ea sehlahla sa "aronia" 2-3 letlobo le lenyane le setse. Thunya e etsa kotulo ea lilemo tse 5-7 'me e ka nkeloa sebaka se seng. Sehlahla se thehiloeng hantle se na le methapo e 40-45 ea lilemo tse fapaneng. Ho nchafatsa ka botlalo ho etsoa ka mor'a lilemo tse 10-12, ho latela boemo ba sehlahla. Tsamaiso e hlophisehileng ea nako e telele e holisa moriti nako e telele.
Ho hlahisoa ha "chokeberry"
Aronia aronia e ata ka peo le lipeo. Vegetatively, joalo ka lihlahla tsohle - motsoako, li-cuttings, motso oa bana, o arola morung, liente.
Lipeo tsa Aronia chokeberry li ka jaloa ka kotloloho ka hoetla mobung, moo li thellang nakong ea mariha. Lipeo tse tsofetseng li lenngoe sebakeng se sa feleng selemong se tlang. Ha ho hasanngoa ka lipeo, peo e tlameha ho haptjoa ka likhoeli tse 3 - 4. Temo e tsoetseng pele le tlhokomelo ea lipeo, joalo ka limela tse ling.
Ho jala meroho ea lihlahla tsa chokeberry chokeberry ho etsoa ka mokhoa o ts'oanang le limela tse ling tsa shrub motso thunyana.
Chokeberry Aronia, kapa Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Mefuta e fapaneng ea chokeberry chokeberry bakeng sa ho hola ka har'a matlo
Mefuta e tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke mofuta oa lapeng le o tsoakaneng.
- Nero, Altai e kholo-e entsoe, e mahlo-mafubelu, Grandiolia, Rubin, Estland, jj.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea chokeberry chokeberry, e atileng haholo ke:
- Finnish - Viking, Hakkia, Belder,
- Polish - Kutno, Nova Ves, Dubrovice,
- Danish tse fapaneng Aron.
Mosebetsi oa ho ikatisa o ikemiselitse haholo ho fumana mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea mefuta e meng e thibang serame, e nang le chai e ngata, e nang le litholoana tse kholo. Ho latela lipontšo tsa kantle, mefuta ea "chokeberry" ha e khone ho khetholoha. Phapang e hlaha feela ha ho kotuloa, ha litholoana li fumana tatso e nang le tšobotsi. Ka hona, mefuta e khethiloeng ho catalogs e lokela ho rekoa feela libakeng tsa tlhokomelo e khethehileng, moo ka nako e le ngoe u ka fumanang likeletso tse tšoanelehang.
Tšireletso ea likokoanyana le mafu
Chokeberry chokeberry e loantša likokonyana le maloetse. Lilemong tse ling, ho na le lesapo le le leng la hoaba, makhopo a molora a lithaba, tšoele ea mariha, masoba a ciliegia, mites ea molora oa thaba le hawthorn. Ho bolokehile ho laola likokonyana tse nang le lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tse sebelisoang khahlanong le likokonyana tsena lijalong tse ling: dendrobacillin, bitoxibacillin, verticillin, bicol, boverin le tse ling. Ho lik'hemik'hale, ho khothalletsoa ho phekola chokeberry chokeberry nakong ea selemo pele ho nako ea ho bula le hoetla ka mor'a hore lekhasi le oe ka tharollo ea 1-2% ea sulfate ea mokokotlo kapa Bordeaux fluid.
Bakeng sa maloetse a nang le masimong a chokeberry a sa tsotelitsoeng, baktheria necrosis ea mahlaka a makhapetla, ho chesoa ha monokotšoai, kutu e makhasi e hole hole le lijalo tse anngoeng ke mafome. Ho loants'oa maloetse le likokoanyana, ho etsoa hantle ka lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko, ho sebelisoa haupsin nako e telele e lekiloeng, phytosporin, majir, glyocladine, trichodermin le tse ling. Ho joalo, o ka sebelisa lithethefatsi tse ncha ho tsoa lenaneng le khothalelitsoeng la selemo le selemo.
Lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko li na le phello e sebetsang ho likokonyana le maloetse feela ka ho latela litlhahiso ka tieo ho likhothaletso. Bakeng sa kalafo ea pele ea selemo, kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale e ka sebelisoa, empa feela ho fihlela lipalesa tsa lipalesa li bulehile.
