Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster) - mofuta oa lihlahla tsa bushless, hangata hangata - lifate tse nyane tsa lelapa la Pink (Rosaceae) Lebitso la Selatine la cotoneaster le tsoa ho "cotonea" ea Greek - quince le 'aster' - ho ba le sebopeho, se tšoanang le makhasi a quince a mofuta o mong oa coconeaster.
Cotoneaster - lihlahla tse boreleli kapa tse lulang li le setala, lihlahla tse ngata haholo, li atile haholo ponong ea metseng e karolong ea Yuropa ea Russia, haholoholo maemong a tlase. Makhasi a na le boholo bo bohareng, a bonolo, a fapaneng, a marginal kaofela, ovate, botala bo lefifi hlabula, a bohla ka hoetla. Lipalesa li tšoeu kapa li pinki, li nyane, ka lithebe, borashe kapa ho ba boinotšing.
Litholoana li nyane, li khubelu kapa li ntšo. Hola butle. Sebakeng se sa feleng ba phela halelele, ho feta lilemo tse 50. Eseng phetiso e mpe ea maemo le maemo a toropo. Mofuta o na le mefuta e ka bang 40.
Cotoneaster. © Hornet bononoNtho e ka sehloohong e hohelang ea coconeaster ke ho kopanngoa ha makala a matla, makhasi a mantlha le mefuta e fapaneng ea kholo (ho tloha ho otloloha ho ea ho tse haholang). Lipalesa tse nyane tsa 'mala o mosoeu kapa o pinki ha li khabise haholo, empa ke limela tse ntle tsa mahe a linotsi.
Ho ananeloa moqhaka o teteaneng oa makhasi a botala bo bosehla bo bosehla bo emileng ka hoetla. Lihlahla tsena li bohlokoa haholo molemong oa ho aha likhahla, hobane li bopehile habonolo, li boloka sebopeho sa tsona le ho fetisetsa tse ling ka nako efe kapa efe ea selemo. Ho feta moo, qetellong ea lehlabula, phello ea bona ea khabiso e ntlafatsoa ke bongata ba litholoana tse bofubelu tse khanyang kapa tse ntšo, tse leketlileng makaleng nako e telele. Litholoana ha li na chefo ebile li hohela linonyana.
Cotoneaster ha e thata ebile e thibela komello. Li hola ka mokhoa o atlehileng maemong a toropo, kaha li le lerole le khase, ha li hlokoe haholo mobung le mongobo. Li hola hantle leseling le shading e nyane. Li jalisoa ke peo, e hlokang li-stratification, hammoho le layering, cuttings le grafting. E ka sebelisoa joalo ka setoko sa perela. Mefuta e meng ka linako tse ling e senngoa ke li-aphid tse tala, li-crumps tse tšoeu tsa apole, likokoanyana tse ngata, sefuba, masenke a machone.
Mefuta e mengata e ka khothaletsoa lihlopha tsa mekhabiso, ho jala matsoapong, matsoapong, ho boloka mabota le lithaba tsa lithaba, bakeng sa hedges, ke feela palo e fokolang ea mefuta e sebelisoang moetlong.
Cotoneaster. © Wendy CutlerMefuta e meraro - coconeaster e khanyang, e leng aronia le e nang le litholoana tse felletseng - e na le li-hardiness tsa mariha tse phahameng mme e loana haholo le maemo a leholimo a leholimo bohareng ba Russia.
Litšobotsi Tse Hōlang
Sebaka: ntlafatsa hantle libakeng tse nang le tšireletso e felletseng, empa hape u mamelle moriti o mong le o mong.
Mobu: Nala ea mobu le mongobo ha li lekane. Leha ho le joalo, sebopeho se latelang sa mobu se ntse se khothaletsoa: lefats'e la turf, manyolo a peat, lehlabathe ka karolelano ea 2: 1: 2. Mochini o nang le lipalesa tse ngata o hloka 300 g / sq. Lime. m
Landing: sebaka pakeng tsa limela 0.5 - 2 m ho latela bophara ba moqhaka oa semela se holileng. Ho jala botebo ba 50 - 70 cm, molala oa motso maemong a fatše. Ho hlokahala hore ho kenngoe metsi a mangata (seretse kapa setene se robehileng, lera ea 10 -20 cm).
Cotoneaster. © Lotus JohnsonTlhokomelo: nakong ea selemo ba etsa manyolo a nang le liminerale tse ngata: Kemiru-universal ho tloha lipalo tsa 100 - 120 g, ka 1 sq km. m kapa 20-30 g ea urea ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi. Lehlabula pele lipalesa fana ka granular superphosphate 60 g / sq. m le 10 - 15 g / sq. m potasiamo sulfate. Mefuta e mengata ea cotoneaster e mamella komello mme ha e hloke ho nosetsoa, kapa e hlokahala feela nakong ea lehlabula e omileng haholo, makhetlo a 1-2 ka khoeli, lilithara tse 8 tsa metsi ka semela. Ho lokolla ho etsoa ka mokhoa o sa tebang (10 - 15 cm) kamora ho tlosa mofoka. Kamora ho lema lipeo, mulching e etsoa ka peat, mokato oa cm 5-8. Lifate tsa Cotoneaster li ts'etleha ho faola, ho thehoa lekhoakhoa le lelelele la bolelele bo bohareng. Kamora ho li fokotsa, li hola haholo, li boloka sebopeho sa kholo. Ho cheka ho lumelloa ho 1/3 ea bolelele ba thunya ea selemo le selemo. Cotoneaster hibernate e nang le sekoaelo se bobebe se nang le lekhasi le omileng kapa sekaka sa peat sa 3 - 6 cm kapa ka tlas'a lehloa. Ka linako tse ling mariha, makala a khumamela fatše ho sireletsa lipalesa tsa lipalesa serame.
Tšireletso ea likokoanyana le mafu
- Fusarium Tlosa le ho chesa likarolo tse amehang tsa limela. Tšoaea mobu kapa o fetole sebaka sa ho jala ka ho ata ha lefu lena.
- Bere e khubelu e loanoa ka ho fafatsa ka likokoanyana leha e le life tsa organophosphorus.
- Khahlano le hoaba - pejana a selemo a fafatsa ka DNOC kapa nitrafen. Ka li-larvae, li fafatsoa ka kalbofos, metaphos, lenaka, saifos. Haeba ho hlokahala, ho fafatsa ho phetoa hape. Ho sebelisoa ha infusions ea semela, ho soeufala, ho potlaka haholo, litlhako tsa litapole, yarrow, shag, jj.
- Khahlano le tšoele, kamora ho thunya le hlabula, li fafalitsoe ka li-amiphos, karbofos (0,1 - 0,4%) kapa lenaka (0,2%). Tse sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ke fosalon (0,2%) kapa gardon (0,0 -0.35%). Nakong ea lipalesa, entobacterin e sebelisoa, e sebetsa makhetlo a mabeli kapa a mararo ka nako ea matsatsi a 12-14.
Ho tsala
Cotoneaster e jalitsoe ke peo, ho beoa, ho khaola, ho ngometsana. Peo, joalo ka molao, e na le tsoalo e tlase haholo (40 - b0%). Peo e nang le phoso e ea thella ha e hlatsuoa 'me e lokela ho lahloa. Peo e setseng e lokela ho jaloa mme o hopole hore e na le nako e telele e omelletseng le ho mela ho le thata haholo. Li tlameha ho khelloa le ho jaloa hoetla selemong se tlang.
Cotoneaster. © liz bophirimaHa ho eketsoa ke li-cuttings tse tala, liperesente tse phahameng tsa kutu li fumanoa ha li-cuttings li koahetsoe ka filimi. Nako e ntle ea ho ngoloa ke halofo ea bobeli ea Phupu. Karolo e ka tlase ea lefatše e na le motsoako oa peat le lehlabathe, tse nkiloeng ka bongata bo lekanang.
Sebelisa
Lihlahla tsa mekhabiso ea bohlokoa haholo ka lebaka la moqhaka o teteaneng, makhasi a botala bo bosehla bo botala le litholoana tse 'maloa tse khanyang tse telele li bolokiloeng makaleng. E khothalelitsoe mekhahlelo ea meru, lihlopha, libaka tse ikarotseng mohloeng, maporong le mahlakoreng a teteaneng. Mefuta e meng e sebelisetsoa limela tse tlasana, mafikeng, matsoapong.
Mefuta
Cotoneaster brilliant (Cotoneaster lucidus)
Naha ea tlhaho ea mofuta ona ke Siberia ea Bochabela. E hola ka bonngoe kapa ka lihlopha lihlahleng. Photophilous mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector ea lihlopha tsa shrub mme, hangata e atisang ho ba teng, moru o tebileng oa moru o kopaneng. Moetlong hohle.
Sehlahla se nang le makhasi a teteaneng, a bosootho bo khanyang, a ka fihla ho 2 m, a na le letlobo le lecha le bonojoang. Makhasi a elliptical a supe, ho fihlela bolelele ba 5 cm, e benyang ka holimo, botala bo lefifi, bo pherese ka hoetla. Lipalesa tse pinki li bokelloa ka har'a li-inflorescence tse khutsitseng tsa 3-8, lipalesa tsa corymbose. E thunya ka Mots'eanong - Pherekhong matsatsi a 30. Hoo e batlang e le lipalesa tse sa tsoakoang, litholoana tse ntšo li khabisa, li benya, li na le 'mala o bosootho bo bosehla ebile bo se na tatso; li lula lihlahleng ho fihlela ka hoetla. Litholoana lilemong tse 4.
Cotoneaster brilliant (Cotoneaster lucidus). © obpMariha-a-ba thata, a ikokobelitse mobung, a mamella moriti. E phatlalalitsoe ke peo le limela. Peō e hloka stratation ea likhoeli tse 12-15, e ka fokotsoang ka ho li phekola ka metsotso e 5-20 ka acid e sulfuric, ebe e lateloa ke likhoeli tse 1-3. Sekhahla sa peo ea 5 g / sq. m
E 'ngoe ea lihlahla tse ntle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho theha lihlahla tse nang le lehlaka, joalo ka ho lema sehlopha ka makhapetla, mapolokelong a meru joalo ka sejalo sa naha. E loketse libaka tse nang le libaka tse batlang li le haufi le naha eohle ea Russia. Ka setso ho tloha qalong ea lekholo la XIX.
Cotoneaster Aronia (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)
E na le mariha a mariha bohareng ba Russia. Ha e le naheng, e hola ka bongata ho tloha Europe Bohareng ho isa China Leboea, ho kenyeletsa le Caucasus le Asia Bohareng, merung e khanyang le matsoapong a lithaba, e nyolohela sebakeng se ka tlas'a lefatše. E hola ka har'a shrub ea mefuta e fapaneng ea meru, e nka karolo ho thehoeng ha shrubbery ho scree le mafika. Photophilous mesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector ea undergrowth ea shrubbery. E sirelitsoe mehlolong.
Sehlahla sena se ka ba bolelele ba 2 m se nang le letlobo le le bosoeu bo bofubelu joalo ka mefuta e fetileng, se na le litholoana tse sootho, empa se fapana ka sebopeho sa makhasi. Ovate e siea bolelele ba 4,5 cm, botala bo lefifi ka holimo, bo soeufalitsoe ka tlase, bo nang le seretse se chesang kapa se sa sebetseng. Ho qala ho tloha ho lilemo tse 5, e thunya 'me e beha litholoana selemo le selemo. Lipalesa li nka matsatsi a ka bang 25, lipalesa tse pinki li fumaneha makhapetleng a makhasi a likotoana tsa 5 ~ 12 letotong, li etsa borashe bo hlephileng. Litholoana tse melang, li butsoa ka Loetse le Mphalane, butle-butle li fetoha tse putsoa li bile li thunya ka thunya e putsoa.
Cotoneaster Aronia (Cotoneaster melanocarpus)Mefuta e thibellang serame, e sa khethang ka mobu le mongobo, e hola hantle libakeng tse mongobo le libakeng tsa litoropo. E mamella habonolo ho fetisoa, e eketsoang ke li-cutlets le lipeo. Moetlo ho tloha 1829, o sebelisoa ka li hedges, hangata hanyane - ka masimong a le mong le a lihlopha. Sebopeho se tsebahalang sa mokhabiso (f. Laxiflora) se nang le lipalesa tsa lipalesa tse tlohelehileng tsa lipalesa le makhasi a maholo. Ntle le merero ea ho khabisa, mofuta ona ke semela se monate sa mahe a linotsi, 'me patsi ea sona e thata e sebetsa e le thepa ea makenete, lipeipi le mesebetsi e meng ea matsoho.
Cotoneaster e felletseng kapa e tloaelehileng (Cotoneaster totgerrimus)
Ka tlhaho, e ka fumaneha ho tsoa libakeng tsa Baltic ka leboea ho ea Caucasus Leboea - ka boroa. E hola matsoapong a lithaba le li-talus, pheletsong ea lejoe la lehlabathe, lithaelese le majoe a majoe. Photophilous xeromesophyte, microtherm, mesotroph, assector shrubbery. E sirelitsoe mehlolong. Setsong seoelo.
Sehlahla se otlolohileng, se nang le makala a mangata, se haola ho fihlela ho m 2 tall, se nang le moqhaka o chitja. Ntsu e nyamela ka boea bo kuta, hamorao e hlobotse. Shirokooyaytsevidnye, ho fihla ho 5 cm, makhasi a holimo a le botala bo botala, a benyang, a boreleli, a bohlooho bo botala. Lipalesa tse bosoeu bo bosoeu tse putsoa ka brushes e nang le lipalesa tse 2-4. Litholoana li le bokhubelu bo khanyang, ho fihla ho 1 cm ka bophara.
Cotoneaster e felletseng kapa e tloaelehileng (Cotoneaster integerrimus). © vrjpihakauppaLitlhoko tsa mobu o tlase, li holisitsoe hantle holima calcareous. Liphoso tsa mariha a mariha a mariha. E hola hofihlella libakeng tse bataolang tsa komello, komello le khang ea khase. E sebetsa ka ho khetheha litholoana tse phehellang ho fihlela ka hoetla. E sebelisoa bakeng sa ho lema ka lihlopha, lekhoakhoa, metheong ea meru, metseng ea libaka tse ka leboea le tse bohareng ba Russia. Ka setso ho tloha ka 1656.
Mefuta e latelang - cotoneaster ea lipalesa tse mebala-bala, e 'mala oa lamunu le e pinki - e batla ho khethoa ke sebaka, nakong e batang haholo mariha e ka hoamisa, empa e pholositsoe lefung ka bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho nchafatsa.
Cotoneaster multiflorum (Cotoneaster multiflorus)
E fumaneha ka tlhaho Caucasus, Asia Bohareng le Siberia Bophirimela, China Bophirima. E hola ka bonngoe kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane merung, hammoho le lihlahla. Photophilous mesophyte, micromezotherm, mesotroph, assector ea undergrowth ea shrubbery. E sirelitsoe mehlolong. E fumanoa moetlong lirapeng tsa limela tsa Europe.
Cotoneaster multiflorum (Cotoneaster multiflorus). © Sten PorseSemi-evergreen shrub e fihlang ho 3 m mall, e nang le li-pubescent tse bobebe, tse nang le maikutlo a bocha, makala a kobehileng. Makhasi a sephara a entsoe ka lehe le ka fihla ho 5 cm, bolelele bo boreleli nakong ea selemo, botala bo lefifi nakong ea selemo, bo bofubelu ba pherese ka hoetla. E thata hanyane ho feta borokhone ba machone. Lipalesa tse kholo tse tšoeu tse tšoeu (ho fihla ho 1 cm), tse tšoanang ka sebopeho sa lipalesa tsa lamunu, li bokelloa ka b - 20 ka li-inflorescence tsa corymbose mme li e thusa haholo nakong ea lipalesa ho tloha matsatsing a 16 ho isa ho a 25. Litholoana tse khubelu tse khanyang, tse ngata, tse sephara li matlafatsa mokhabiso oa eona hoetla. Litholoana lilemong tse 5-6. Litholoana li butsoa ka Phato.
Ho mamella serame le ho mamella komello. Bakeng sa nts'etsopele e atlehileng, e hloka mobu o nonneng le o nang le kalaka. E phatlalalitsoe ke peo. Tekanyo ea peo ea 4-6 g ka mita. E ntle haholo ha e lutse e le mong ebile e le meru e lutseng. Ho tloha ka 1879, e phatlalatsoa ka bophara ho pholletsa le karolo ea Europe ea Russia.
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster racemiflorus)
E ts'episa Russia e bohareng. Ha e tsejoe haholo moetlong ho feta mefuta e fetileng.
Cotoneaster (Cotoneaster racemiflorus). © El GrafoSena ke sehlahla ho fihlela ho 3 m phahameng, le makhasi a maputsoa a botala bo bolelele. Letlobo le makhasi a manyane ka tlas'a nko a koahetsoe ke borashe bo bosoeu bo bosoeu. Lipalesa tse nyane tsa 'mala o mosoeu o moputsoa li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tsa likotoana tsa 7-12, li koahela sehlahla kaofela ka Mots'eanong. Lipalesa tsa pele li etsahala ha a le lilemo li 4. Ka Phato, ha litholoana tse ngata tse bosootho bo bosehla bo bosehla bo bosehla, shrub e ba ntle le ho feta. Litholoana ha li oele ka mor'a hore makhasi a oe ebe a leketla sehlahleng ho fihlela lehloa la pele.
E emetse maikutlo a hau!
