Beng ba matlo ba thabileng ba matlong a hlabula ba lula ba le mothating oa ho iphumanela makholo a makholo a lilemo ka nako e nyane. Naheng ke batla ho ba le sete kaofela sa litholoana le monokotsoai, haholo-holo liapole. Mme mona, ba qalang ba Amateur ba etsa phoso ea pele le e kholo haholo. Phuthela seratsoana ka lenane le leholo la lijalo tse lenngoeng ho sa tsotelloe litlhoko tsa tikoloho le ho hokahana le baahisani. Ha ba na taba le mefuta e fokolang ea lijalo tse khethiloeng tse hlokang sebaka le sebaka se loketseng ebile ba reka mefuta e melelele ka moqhaka o pharalletseng. Molemong oa ho pholoha, litso tse joalo ka boomo li tla hatella baahisani ba bona ba banyenyane.
Liapole makaleng. © wwfbolzanoLelapa le lenyenyane kapa le leholo le hloka lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa litholoana le melee, empa motho e mong le e mong o batla ho ba le litholoana tse ncha le monokotsoai nako e telele. Ho phethahala ha takatso ho ka sebetsa e le khetho e nahannoeng ea mefuta e fapaneng ea setso se lakatsehang. Bahlahisi ba libaka tse fapaneng tsa Russian Federation ba fana ka lenane le leholo la mefuta le lits'ebetsong tsa mebala kaofela li ntle ka botle. Leha ho le joalo, seratsoana sena se na le lipeo tsa perennials (bakeng sa lifate tsa liapole tse 30-35) mme ho thata haholo ho lokisa phoso.
Ho qoba liphoso, o hloka ho nahana esale pele hore na ke mefuta le mefuta efe ea lifate tsa apole tse loketseng sebaka sa hau sa marang-rang, khetha tse o li ratang. Balemi ba lirapa ba qalang ba lokela ho tloaelana le mefuta ea mariha, ba sebelisa diary ea bona ea jareteng, eo ka eona u kenyang mefuta e khethiloeng le menyetla ea hau ha u lema serapa sa apole kapa u lema lipeo tse 'maloa ka ntlong e nyane kapa masimong.
Moralo o fapaneng oa Apple Orchard
Ka ntloaneng ea lehlabula ea lihekthere tse 6 bakeng sa lelapa la batho ba 4-5, mefuta ea 5-6 ea lifate tsa apole e lekane. Ho tsena, mefuta e 'meli ea lehlabula, e 1 ea bohareng le e 2 ea morao. Ho rala sekhutlo sa phomolo, heke e khabisang, o ka reka mefuta e fokolang ea litholoana tse nyane tsa liapole (ranetka, Chinese, apole ea paradeise le tse ling). Ka jareteng ea jareteng, hlophisa tafole eo ho eona ho hlalosoang ka bokhutšoanyane litšoaneleho tsa tholoana eo 'me u li khethele mefuta.
Lifate tsa Apple li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 'maloa
Ho ea ka tloaelo ea sehlahla: e telele, e mahareng, e ts'oana, kholomo.
Lifate tse telele tsa apole - lijalo tse nang le bolelele ba semela tse fihlang ho 8 m, sistimi e holisitsoeng hantle e kenang ka botebo mobung (Zhigulevskoe, Belfler-Chinese). Li khothalletsoa ho lengoa feela libakeng tseo metsi a lefats'e a ka tlase ho botebo ba 3 m.
Lifate tsa apole tse bobebe - lijalo ho fihlela ho 5 m phahameng (Elena). Bakeng sa bona, sebaka se nang le tafole ea metsi a ka tlase ho lefatše se sa phahame ho 2,5 m se loketse.
Lifate tsa apole tse tala - Lijalo tse holang ka tlase, ho fihlela ho 2,5 m ka bolelele (Gloucester, Hore). Metso ea methapo e sa tebang, e sebakeng sa mobu. Mefuta e sa tsoaneng e loketse libaka tse nang le metsi a tlase a lefatše (ho fihlela ho 1.5 m).
Khahlano le serame: e thibang serame, e rata mocheso.
Ka mefuta: hlabula, hoetla, mariha, mariha mariha.
Ka tatso: bolila, bolila, sessert le ba bang.
Sefate sa Apple se nang le litholoana. © cocoateMefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole bakeng sa libaka tse bohareng le tse ka leboea tsa Russia
Bakeng sa libaka tse bohareng le tse ka leboea tsa Russia, tse tšoauoang ke moea o batang o nang le serame sa nako e telele, ha u khetha mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole, o hloka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho hanyetseng ha tsona serame.
Mefuta e thata ea mariha ea liapole ke ena: Ho tlatsoa ka mokhoa o mosoeu, Candy, Grushovka Moscow, Borovinka, Antonovka vulgaris, lesela la Anis, Zvezdochka, Medunitsa, Sinap, Moskovskoye, Elena, Sunny le ba bang.
Haufinyane, balemi ba hlahisitse mefuta e mecha e sa sebetseng serame e ka emang ho fokotsa mocheso ho isa ho 35 ° C: Marat Busurin, Zlightoria Zagoria, Botle ba mariha, Imrus, Brusnichnoe, Narodnoye, Young Naturalist.
Sebaka sa pele mariha a mariha ho tloha mefuta e mecha ea liapole ho lula limpho tsa mpho ho Grafsky, Skala, tse khonang ho mamella serame sa li-degree tsa 40-42.
Mefuteng ea lifate tsa apole e sa hanyetsoeng ke serame, motho a ka e khetholla: Cinnamon striped, Melba, Mantent, Champion, Phato, Kikorea, Vatutin, Boreleli, Lobo, Bogatyr, Belfler-Chinese, Pepin. Leha ho le joalo, thepa ena ha e senye litšobotsi tsa bona tse ling. Li loketse libaka tse bohareng tse nang le nako e batang ea mariha, ntle le serame se matla se phehellang.
Mophato oa Apple Antonovka. © coloradofoodforest 
Phala ea Apple Lobo. © sonneruplund 
Apple grade Anis e khubeluMefuta e meng e thata ea mariha ea liapole bakeng sa libaka tse ka boroa
Ha u reka lipeo tsa sefate sa apole bakeng sa seratsoana sa hau, etsa bonnete ba ho botsa ka mefuta ea eona. Lijalo tse reretsoeng libaka tse bohareng le tse ka leboea (esita le tse sa emeng serame) maemong a ka boroa a temo li ka shoa ka lebaka la serame sa selemo.
Bakeng sa boroa, lifate tsa apole li loketse haholo maemo a leholimo: Simirenko, nkhono, Buzhor, Wagner, Khauta, Khanya ho ea Hlolang, White tlatsoa, Arkad e mosehla, jj.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole ka mefuta
Mefuta ea lehlabula ea lifate tsa apole
Ka mefuta, mefuta ea liapole e arotsoe ka lehlabula, hoetla, mariha, mariha a mariha. Ho kotula ha lehlabula le tse bitsoang mofuta oa sessert ho qala ka Phupu, tlhoro e kholo ea kotulo e etsahala ka Phato. Empa mefuta ea hlabula ha e na boleng. Bophelo ba mahetla ba litholoana ha bo fete libeke tse 1-2. Li lokela ho sebelisoa hang ka mor'a kotulo. Monko o monate o bolila kapa o monate, o nang le lero, o nang le monko o matla oa mahe a linotši, o baka takatso ea lijo.
Baemeli ba hlahelletseng ba liapole tsa pele kapa tsa lehlabula ke Elena, Medunitsa, Tlatso e tšoeu, Mantent, Melba, Moscow Grushovka, Confetnoe, Borovinka, Korichnoye le ba bang.
Mefuta e mengata ea lifate tsa apole
Liapole tsa pele tsa mefuta ea hoetla li hlaha bofelong ba Phato. Litholoana tse kholo li hlaha ka Loetse. Boleng ba bona ba ho boloka bo tlase, mme nako ea bona ha e fetele likhoeli tse 2-3. Pulama e na le lero, e tsoekere ka bolila ka bolila. Ha u khetha mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole bakeng sa serapa sa hau, hopola hore ke mefuta ea hlabula le ea hoetla e sebelisetsoang ho kotula mariha ka mokhoa oa lero, compotes, jams le tse ling. Mefuta ea mariha e thata ea hoetla e ka bolokoa likhoeli tse 3, ha e ntse e boloka tatso.
Mefuta ea liapole tsa mariha tse thata tsa hoetla e kenyelletsa mefuta ea Narodnoye, Streifling, Orlovskoye, Bessemyanka, Aromatnoye, Korichnoye, Koreyanka le ba bang. Har'a tsona ho butsoa kapele (Oryol), monate (People's). Mmarakeng o ka lula o reka mosali oa Korea, Cinnamon striped, mefuta e meng ea mofuta ona. Lekola hore na ke tatso le monko ofe oo u o ratang ka ho fetisisa ebe u kenya data ho diary ea hau ea serapeng.
Bakeng sa libaka tse ka boroa tse nang le "apple winters" ea apple, Champion, mefuta ea Aydaret e loketse.
Pholo ea Apple White White 
Phase ea Apple. © plodovsad 
Cinnamon ea Apple sehlopheng. © Vitaly BryMefuta ea mariha ea lifate tsa apole
Tsepamiso ea mantlha ha u khetha mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole e lokela ho fuoa mefuta ea mariha le mariha a mariha, kaha e tla fana ka phepelo ea 'mele ka li-vithamine nakong e felileng ka ho fetesisa - Hlakola-Tšitoe: Bogatyr, Antonovka, Welsey, Pepin, Zhigulevskoye, Zvezdochka, Aphrodite, Orlovskoye, Sunny le tse ling.
Kotuloa kholong e kholo ea kholo ka Loetse-Mphalane. U ke ke oa li ja hang-hang. Tatso ea bona hangata e bolila, e 'ngoe e tart, nama ha e thata. Li bolokiloe hantle ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng, mme Simirenko, Bogatyr, Zvezdochka ha li lahleheloe ke litšobotsi tsa tsona ho fihlela likhoeli tse 9 tsa polokelo.
Balemi ba lirapa ba bangata ba nka mefuta e mengata ea Moscow e le sebapali sa mariha le ho boloka nako, 'me litholoana tsa sona li bolokoa ho fihlela kotulo e ncha. Mefuta ea mariha ka boroa, libakeng tse bohareng, e hloka nako e telele ea hoetla e futhumetseng, lehlabula le chesang. Nakong ena, lifate tsa apole li bokella tsoekere e hlokahalang le metsoako e nkhang hamonate e fanang ka tatso le monko o ikhethang ho litholoana ha kholo ea tlhaho e hlaha, e etsahalang likhoeling tsa mariha (Simirenko, Antonovka).
Mefuta ea mariha ea lifate tsa apole, joalo ka molao, e na le boleng bo botle ba ho boloka. Mefuta ea mariha e nang le tatso e bolila ea litholoana e loketse ho tsotelloa bakeng sa polokelo ea nako e telele: Berkutovskoye, Aphrodite, Bogatyr, Moskovskoye hamorao. Sekhahla se phahameng sa makhasi le tatso e bolila, fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea bona ka sebopeho se secha hang kamora ho kotuloa. Kaha e na le boleng bo botle ba ho boloka, mefuta ea mariha e mela butle-butle nakong ea polokelo mme ka Hlakubele-Hlakubele ba fumana lintho tse ngata tse khahlisang: juiciness, acidity e monate, monko.
Mefuta ea mariha ea lipalesa tsa mariha
Mariha a mariha, mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ke Belfler-Chinese, Sinap, Lobo, Moscow, Boreleli. Mefuta e fapaneng Lobo le Boreleli li bolokiloe nako e telele, empa li na le botsitso ba mariha ba mariha, mme Chinese Belfler e telele ebile e na le moqhaka o moholo oa moqhaka. Mariha ohle a mariha (ho tloha mefuteng e nkuoeng) a tšoauoa ka tsoalo e kholo.
Mefuta e nang le sebopeho sa kholomo ea lifate tsa apole
Lifate tsa apole tse bopehileng joaloka Colon, tseo haufinyane li fetotsoeng kapele literekeng tsa serapeng tse ikemetseng, li abeloa sehlopha se arohaneng. Mofuta ona oa hlolla hobane ha o na makala a morao. Moetlo o hola ka kutu e le 'ngoe, tloaelo ea sehlahla ke 0.25-1.0 m, sejalo se thehiloe ka kotloloho holima kutu.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea lifate tsa apole tsa mofuta ona e sebetsana haholo le mafu le likokonyana, e loantšang serame, empa e na le tsamaiso ea methapo. Bolelele ba metso ka bomong ha bo feta 25-30 cm mme bo haufi haholo le mobu hoo esita le ho thellella ho sa tebang ho ka ba lematsa. Motso o ka holimo oa lifate tsa apole tse nang le sebopeho sa kolone o hloka tlhokomelo, li hloka ho nosetsa (makhetlo a 2-3 ka beke ka mulching e latelang) le ho roala holimo. Ho nosetsa Drip ho ba loketse.
Sehlopha sa Apple sa Augustus. © George Ivashevsky 
Phase ea Apple. © urzadzamy 
Apple grade Idared. © agrusMefuta e metle ka ho fetisisa ea lifate tsa apole tse ka hlahisoang bohareng le libakeng tsa Siberia ke Vasyugan, Moscow Necklace, Senator, Mopresidente, Ostankino, Triumph, Chelete, Arbat, Medok, Gin, Dialog.
Ho tsena, lijalo tse thibelang serame ka ho fetesisa, li holisitsoe hantle mme li bopa lijalo libakeng tsa Siberia - molala oa Moscow le Vasyugan.
Mefuta ea lehlabula ea lifate tsa apole tse kopaneng e kenyelletsa Malyuha, Mopresidente, Medok. Mefuta e khahlisang haholo ea Medoc. E bua ka mefuta ea hlabula-ea hoetla, empa e se e butsoitse morao haholo. Litholoana tse butsoitseng botekgeniki li tlosoa bofelong ba Phato.
Phapang e phahameng e tšoauoa ka mefuta ea mariha ea lifate tsa apole tsa Amar mohatla, Bolero, Chelete, molala oa Moscow. Moqhaka o molelele o butsoitseng oa khale oa Moscow o tlosoa bofelong ba September. O boloka litšobotsi tsa hae ho fihlela ka Hlakubele.
Maemo a ho hola a Apple
Lifate tsa Apple ka kakaretso lia mela 'me li beha litholoana ka lilemo tse 30-35. Ka hona, ha u beha mohloaare oa liapole, le ha u lema lipeo tse 'maloa, u lokela ho ela hloko ka hloko litlhoko tsa setso sa setso.
Khetho ea sebaka
Lifate tsa Apple ha li mamelle libaka tse tlase moo li-frost tsa selemo li theohelang teng. Ho tloha ho khutla le serame sa nako e telele libakeng tsohle (ho kenyeletsoa tse ka boroa), ho bata ka ho felletseng kapa tšenyo e mpe ea lipalesa tsa lipalesa le lipalesa tse thunyang tsa setso sena lia khoneha. Kahoo, naheng, o hloka ho khetha leano le phahametseng le le sirelitsoeng ho phallo ea moea o batang. Haeba ho khonahala, khetha e ka thoko, e nang le maemo a loketseng, rera bakeng sa lifate tsa apole tse 5-8. Kahoo ho ka fanoa ka tlhokomelo e felletseng le litlhoko tsa theknoloji ea temo ho li phetha.
Kamoreng e nyane, ela hloko lifate tsa apole tse kopaneng. Tloaelo e nyane ea setso e tla lumella ho lema sebakeng se fokolang ho fihlela ho mefuta ea 12-15. Balemi ba bang ba ba lema ka litheolelo, ba theha tsela e ikhethang, e "monate" nakong ea lipalesa le ho mela ha liapole.
Lifate tsa Apple ha li rate moriti. Li hloka libaka tse khantšitsoeng hantle, 'me ha li nkuoe ke metso ea motho e mong. Ka hona, leka ho jala lipeo tse nyane hole le lifate tsa khale. Haeba sebaka se lumella, lifate tsa apole li ka lengoa ka lihlopha tse nyane libakeng tse loketseng litlhoko tsa tikoloho le tsa temo. Ka jareteng ea jareteng, morerong o tloaelehileng oa sebaka seo, tšoaea libaka tse abetsoeng lifate tsa apole. Kameho e latelang ke sebopeho le boleng ba mobu libakeng tse abetsoeng tlasa sefate sa apole.
Sefate sa apole se senyenyane. © SolarbeezMobu oa lifate tsa apole
Mobu o sa jeleng paate o nang le pH ea 5.5-6.5 oa hlokahala bakeng sa lifate tsa apole, li fuoa limatlafatsi tse lekaneng, haholo naetrojene, ka thepa e ntle ea drainage, density e mahareng (loamy chernozems, tloaelehileng), empa moea le metsi lia lumelloa ka matla a mangata a mongobo. Tse loketseng ka ho fetisisa ke li-chernozems tse tloaelehileng, tse loamy tse nang le moalo oa lehlabathe la lehlabathe, loams-like loams. Ka mobu o bobebe, ho nosetsa kamehla hoa hlokahala. Mobu oa peaty, o nang le acid e ngata haholo o nang le sebaka se haufi le metsi a lefats'e, o nang le metsi a emeng ka mor'a lipula le nosetso ha li tšoanelehe. Lifate tsa Apple tse nang le metso e tebileng ea lehlabathe kapa lehlabathe le nang le lehlabathe li sa senyehe ebe li shoa kapele.
Kaha o nkile sebaka se setle le mofuta oa mobu, o ka reka lipeo nakong ea selemo ebe o lema serapa sa hau sa apole.
Hlokomela! Re u kopa hore u ngole litlhalosong tsa sengoloa sena: u lema mefuta efe ea lifate tsa apole, li u khotsofatsa hakae, hore na li lumellana joang le litšobotsi tse boletsoeng. Se ke oa lebala ho supa sebaka sa hau le likarolo tsa mahlale a temo. Kea leboha!
