Litokisetso tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho li atile haholo. Ba khona ho senya likokoanyana tse kotsi serapeng le serapeng, leha ba sa utloise baena ba bona ba bohlokoa. Limela tse phekoloang ka limela tsa tlhaho ka mor'a lihora tse 48 ha li kotsi ho batho. Litholoana tsa lifate le lihlahla li ka jeoa ntle le tšabo.
Bakeng sa ho khetha le ho sebelisa lihlahisoa tsa bioloji ka nepo, ho hlokahala hore o tloaelane le bongata le morero oa bona.
Lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko tse tsoang ho likokonyana
Sebetsa
Litokisetso tsena tsa tlhaho tse rarahaneng, tse entsoeng motheong oa lihlahisoa tsa bohlokoa tsa fungi, ke ntho e chefo. Bakeng sa podi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho tšeloa moriana o itseng ha o lokisa tharollo. Ka karolelano, ho sebelisoa limililitara tse peli ho isa ho tse robeli tsa moriana ka litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi.
Ho bohlokoa ho eketsa sesepa se nyane sa metsi ho tharollo e lokiselitsoeng, e tla fana ka tšebeliso e ntle ea likokoanyana. Lijalo tsa makhasi li etsoa ka mocheso o futhumetseng, o omileng (hoo e ka bang ka likhato tse 20 tsa Celsius) ka moea o fokolang.
Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa ho loantša kokoana ea litapole ea Colorado, aphid, moth, thrips, whiteflies, liboseleise le sawflies.
Boverin
Setlhare se etsoa motheong oa li-mushroom spores. Hangata e sebelisoa ho laola likokoanyana tse tloaelehileng libetheng tse koetsoeng le maemong a sethopo. Ho khothaletsoa tharollo ea peresente e le 'ngoe ea moriana hore o sebelisoe maemong a leholimo a khutsitseng, a omileng, eseng a fetang 25 degrees Celsius.
"Boverin" e khona ho senya kokoanyana ea Mots'eanong le sekholopane sa eona, wireworm, bere, mofuta oa kokoanyana ea Colorado le makhapetla a eona, hammoho le makhopho le li-whiteflies.
Lepidocide
Sena ke sehlahisoa se rarahaneng sa bioloji mo motheong oa baktheria. Tekanyetso e khothalletsoang hore e sebelisoe ke li-milliliters tse 10 ka lilithara tse 5 tsa metsi ka mocheso o sa feteng likhato tse 20 tsa Celsius. Ho bokellana ha tharollo e felileng ho latela chai.
E loana hantle le tlhaselo ea litsie tsa lilemo tsohle, mefuta e fapaneng ea tšoele ea limela le lirurubele, e senya makhasi a limela le likokonyana tse ngata tsa lifate tsa litholoana le lihlahla. E sebelisoa ho laola likokonyana tsa lijalo tsa meroho.
Bitoxibacillin
Sehlahisoa se entsoe ka baktheria. E ja likarolo tsa limela, likokoanyana li shoa ka nako e khutšoane (ka matsatsi a 3-7) ho tloha chefo, ha sethethefatsi se kenella ka mpeng ea sona mme se sitisa mosebetsi oa sona.
Setlhare se ka sebelisoa ho phekola lijalo tse fapaneng, esita le ha ho chesa. Bakeng sa lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi, ho khothalletsoa ho kenyelletsa li-milliliters tsa 70 tsa moriana.
Ho khothalletsoa ho felisoa ha mefuta eohle ea likhaba, bo-spider mites, beetle tsa litapole tsa Colorado, mefuta eohle ea tšoele e jang limela, popane le tšoele.
Metarizine
Sehlahisoa se entsoe motheong oa li-mushroom spores ka ho kenyelletsa sodium gummat, e thusang ho nchafatsoe le ho ba le mobu o phahameng.
Bakeng sa mobu o mong le o mong oa limithara tse 10, ho lekane ho etsa ligrama tse 10 tsa moriana. Ho feptjoa ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisoa ka mongobo, nako ea leholimo e futhumetseng ea hoetla.
Ho loantša likokoanyana tsa mobu (mohlala, li-larvae), Metarizin e eketsoa ka metsi bakeng sa nosetso. E le hore sethethefatsi sena se ka hasana serapeng sohle, se tla nka likhoeli tse 'maloa.
E ka sebelisoa ho senya likokoana-hloko tsa Colorado le May le likhahla tsa tsona, khahlanong le menoang le grubber, hammoho le khahlanong le li-weevils.
Nematophagin
Sehlahisoa sa likokoana-hloko se ipapisitse le mycelium le conidia ea e 'ngoe ea li-fungus tse nang le carnivorous mme e sebelisoa ho laola likokonyana tse atileng ha ho lema lijalo libakeng tse futhumetseng. Sesebelisoa se sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hloekileng le ka mokhoa o qhibilihang.
Ho tloha ho millione tse 5 ho isa ho tse 10 tsa moriana ona o eketsoa selibeng se seng le se seng pele o jala lipeo tsa meroho. Hape, moriana o ka sebelisoa matsatsi a 'maloa pele o jala peo. Ka tharollo e lokisitsoeng ea lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi le li-milliliters tse 200 tsa Nematofagin, ho kgothaletsoa ho nosetsa libethe ka ntlong ea lehlabula ea lehlabula.
Fitoverm
Motheo oa moriana ke fungus ea mobu. Ho sebetsoa ho lokela ho etsoa motšehare oa mantsiboea ha letsatsi le likela maemong a khutsitseng. Botebo ba tharollo ea ho fafatsa bo its'etleha ka mofuta oa semela se tšoaroang. Bakeng sa litara e le 'ngoe ea metsi, o ka kenyelletsa chelete ho tloha ho millione e le' ngoe. Liphetho tsa ntoa li ka bonoa kamora matsatsi a ka bang 5.
Ka katleho e ama likokoana-hloko tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa, makhopho a tsona, hammoho le lirurubele le litsie.
Verticillin
Mycelium le spores ea e 'ngoe ea li-fungus tsa entomopathogenic ke tsona ntho ea mantlha sehlahisoa sena sa bioloji. Tharollo e lokiselitsoeng e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa ho nosetsa mobu le ho fafatsa limela. E sebetsa hantle haholo ntoeng ea ho loantša likokoanyana tse bolokang limela, empa haholoholo khahlano le mefuta e mengata ea hoaba.
Ka nkhong e kholo ea metsi, o hloka ho kenyelletsa chelete ho tloha ho 100 ho isa ho 500 milione. Ho jala limela ho etsoa ka mofuthu le mocheso oa moea oa likhato tse 17 ho isa ho 25.
Motlatsi
Motheo oa sehlahisoa sena sa likokoana-hloko ke setšoantšo sa fir ea Siberia. Setlhare se loketse ho sebelisoa, se sebelisoa maemong ohle a leholimo - ho na pula ebile e omme, e pholile (ho fihlela ho 5 degrees Celsius) ebile e chesa. Tharollo e kolobisitsoeng ha e lahleheloe ke boleng ba eona ka matsatsi a 10. Bakeng sa lilithara tse ling le tse ling tsa metsi u hloka ho kenyelletsa feela li-millilitha tse 2-3 tsa "Baahi ba Hlabula".
Setlhare sena se sebetsa haholo ho loantseng likokoanyana, empa se khona ho tlosa baahi ba lehlabula le balemi ba lirapa hoo e ka bang mefuta eohle e atileng ea lijalo tsa meroho, litholoana le melee.
Re lokela ho hopola hore e le hore o felise likokoanyana ka botlalo, ho tla hlokahala liphekolo tse 'maloa tse nang le lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho - ho tloha makhetlo a 3 ho isa ho a 6.
Liphetho tsa kalafo ka lihlahisoa tsa biological li etsahala ka letsatsi la bone kapa la bohlano, eseng pejana. Mme joale sena se tla etsahala tlasa maemo a leholimo a matle - ntle le lipula le ho bata ka tšohanyetso.
Litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko ha li ame boleng ba lijalo. Ha li kotsi ho batho le ho limela le ho bana babo rona ba banyenyane. Ha e sebelisoa, sejalo se nang le tikoloho se tiisetsoa feela.
