Ho sireletsa limela ka mokhoa o atlehileng ho likokonyana, o hloka ho tseba biology ea tsona. Tsebo ena e tla lumella ho sebetsa le ho se be kotsi ho batho ho sebelisa lithethefatsi bakeng sa taolo ea likokoanyana tse atlehileng. Hoa etsahala hore ka linako tse ling eka ha tsohle li entsoe ho latela likhothaletso, me tse senyang lijalo li ntse li atleha.
Likokoanyana tse kotsi ka ho khetheha tsa meroho li kenyelletsa tšoele, e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea tsona ke hore apole (apole), e senya lipere, plums le lifate tsa apole ka nako e le' ngoe. The plum moth e senya, ho ekelletsa ho plums, li-cherries, li-cherries, plums ea cherry le liperekisi. Pear moth ke sehlopha sa likokoanyana tse ikhethileng mme e senya perela feela.
Mokotatsie o ka bochabela oa lero. © michiganplumPotoloho ea bioloji ea tsoelo-pele ea tšoele ea codling
Nakong ea kholo ea tsoelo-pele ea tšoele ea codling, sehokelo se fokolang haholo ka nako e ts'oanang se kotsi ka ho fetisisa ke sethala sa popane. Ke timetso ea bona - nako e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ea taolo ea likokonyana. O ka lekola ponahalo ea ona ka ho bala linako tsa bo-'mè ba fofang, ho behela mahe le ho nts'etsa popane ho bona - batho ba matla, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e ka lematsang litholoana tse ka bang 5-6, mme kaofela hammoho - ho fihla ho 90% ea lijalo.
Mofuta oa 'm'e oa codling ke lirurubele, lehlabula le kopanang le qaleho ea ho thunya ha lijalo tsa litholoana tse tsamaeang.
Boea ba codling moth, kapa Boea ba perekisi ea Bochabela, (Grapholita molesta). © Eric LaGasaLirurubele li qeta potoloho ea tsona ea mariha le mariha ho cocoons. Boholo ba tsona bo tloha ho 5-7 mm (plum) ho isa ho cm cm (apple). Tsena kaofela li na le mmala o moputsoa ka 'mala o nang le lipaterone kapa mapheo a khanyang a mapheo. Ka lipalesa tse ngata le qalo ea kholo ea mae a bomme, tse tšehali, ha li tsoa li-cocoons, li behela mahe kahara mahe, litholoana, makhasi a lifate. O ka bona qaleho ea ho fofa ke li-cocoon tse se nang letho ka likutu tsa sefate, tlasa borokho kapa ka nako e telele - pheletso e chesang ea Mots'eanong. Lirurubele ha li na kotsi - li nka karolo mokhatlong oa ntlafatso, empa tsona ka botsona ha li kotsi. Hoseng, lirurubele li behela mahe a 200, li li hasanya hangata makhasi, mahe le litholoana. Ka linako tse ling, ka ho hlokomela ho phela ha moloko ona, ba koahela masonry ka makhasi, ba a tlotsa ka litholoana tse ntseng li hola ka lithutsoana tsa bona.
Kamora matsatsi a 7-16, malinyane a hatchate a fepa makhasi qalong, kamora nakoana a fetela ka popelong, a tsikenya nama, a siea mantle a 'ona kahare, ebe a khasa litholoana tse ling. Li-ovaries tse senyehileng le karolo ea li-zipatso tse nyane le litholoana tse senyehileng lia oa.
Ka perese, lits'oants'o tse tsoang ho li-scavenger, litholoana tse halikiloeng li ea mobung, li koloba le ho phomola ho fihlela selemo. Nakong ea selemo selemong se tlang, matsatsi a ka bang 35-45 kamora ho thunya, ho fofa ha mothamo oa pere ho qala mme potoloho e pheta ho tloha qalong.
Ponahalo ea apole e anngoeng ke tšoele. © 'Muso oa Australia BophirimaHo fapana le tšoele ea peere, tšoele ea apole le plum li sethaleng sa popane, eo bophelo ba eona bo mafolofolo bo nkang matsatsi a 16 ho isa ho a 45, ho tloha ho ba scastger ka letsatsi la pele ba khutlela moqhaka oa sefate. Ho tloha ho litholoana tse senyehileng tse bolokiloeng sefateng le ho tsoa ho li-scavenger, lits'oants'o li ea ho litholoana tse ling, moo ho jeoang lipeo le makhasi a tsona. Ha ba fihlela kholo e felletseng, ba tlohela litholoana, sebakeng se ipatileng ba bokella cocon eo ho eona ho thehoang chrysalis, eo ka matsatsi a 8-36 e tla fana ka bophelo molokong o mocha. Ho potoloha hona ho phetoa makhetlo a 2-3 'me ha ho qala matsatsi a hoetla a batang, moloko oa ho qetela oa litsie o siea litholoana o ntse o batla sebaka se loketseng moo o tla mariha ho fihlela selemong se tlang. Hlabula e hlahlamang, ha moea o futhumala ho fihlela ho mocheso o tsitsitseng oa + 10ºº, litsie tse tlatsitsoeng li kenngoa tšebetsong, roala cocon ebe li fetoha pupae, ebe li-butterflies, tse qalang ho behela mahe ka mor'a matsatsi a 2-3.
Kahoo, lirurubele li behela mahe nako e telele. Ho ts'oasa litsie ho phela bophelo bo mafolofolo, ho ja haholo. Ke lihokelo tse fokolang mofuteng oa ntlafatso ea mohoele o tsoetseng pele, ho leng bonolo ho o senya. Lintlha tsa bohlokoa tsa koluoa ea bona e kholo:
- Tsoa ha likokoanyana tse tsoang mahe le phepo ea tsona e nepahetseng pele ho boluloe litholoana,
- moloko oa likokoanyana o tlohelang litholoana o batla mariha.
E amehang mothapo oa pere. © Chris R.Nakong ea mofuthu (Mots'eanong - bohareng ba Mphalane) libakeng tse fapaneng, ho baleha lirurubele ho phetoa makhetlo a mabeli ho isa ho a 4, ka linako tse ling ho arolelanoa (e mong ha a qeta, ea bobeli e se e qalile), e tlatsetsang ho fumanoeng ka nako e tšoanang serapeng sa mehato eohle ea nts'etsopele ea litsie. Kahoo, ka kalafo e le 'ngoe, ho ke ke ha khoneha ho senya tšoele ea codling. Ena ke phoso e ka sehloohong ea balemi ba lirapa. Phekolo ea jareteng e lokela ho phetoa makhetlo a 'maloa.
Phekolo ea pele e etsoa matsatsi a 8-10 kamora ho fofa ha lirurubele tsa pele, ke hore, qetellong ea Mots'eanong (haeba ho omme ebile ho chesa) - lemo tse leshome tsa pele tsa Phuptjane, la bobeli - kamora libeke tse 2-3 le la boraro kamora libeke tse ling tse 2-3. Ka boroa, moo boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng bo leng telele, o ka phetha kalafo ea 4.
Mekhoa ea ho khetholla mohoele o ka serapeng
Taba ea hore mohloa o ntse o le ka serapeng e ka khethoa habonolo ke litholoana tse senyehileng, 'me nakong ea selemo, ka ho tseba biology ea serurubele, o qala ntoa khahlanong le disenyi.
O ka lekola nako ea ho tloha ha lirurubele tsa pele ka ho tšela likokonate ha o hlahloba lifate nakong ea selemo kapa o beha linkho, lipolanete tse tebileng tse nang le kvass e monko o monate tlasa lifate. Serurubele se le seng nakong ea bophelo ba sona se siea moloko oa likopi tse 40-200, se behela mahe a 1-2 ka lekhasi, ovary, litholoana.
Serurubele sa pele kapa lehe le behiloeng ke sesupo sa ho qala ho sebetsa kamora matsatsi a 8-10.
Caterpillar ea Plum Moth (Grapholita funebrana). © Todd M. Gilligan le Steven C. Passoa 
Butterfly plum moth (Grapholita funebrana). © Donald Hobern
Plum e anngoeng ke tšoele. © Patrick ClementPalo le nako ea kalafo ea serapeng
Lijareteng tse nang le mosebetsi oa kajeno oa ts'ireletso, hoa utloahala ho boloka lintlha tse latelang, re sebelisa litokisetso tsa lik'hemik'hale le tsa likokoana-hloko:
- kalafo ea pele ka la 1 Phuptjane ka lipara tsa lik'hemik'hale ho senya moloko oa pele oa lipina
- ho senya moloko oa bobeli, ba bala matsatsi a 25-30 ho tloha kalafo ea pele mme ka la 10 Phupu (+ ... - matsatsi a 3), ba tšoara lifate ka lekhetlo la bobeli ka motsoako o fapaneng oa lik'hemik'hale.
- ho bokella ho hoholo ha popane (meloko e 'maloa) ho bonoa ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea Phupu; ka hona, ho tloha ka Phupu 18-20, ho fihlela la 1 Phato, lingaka tse ling tse 2 li hlile li etsoa, empa ka lihlahisoa tsa tlhaho; mahareng, o ka eketsa liphekolo ka li-decoctions tsa litlama (mokhoa oa setso),
Ho fokotsa palo ea liphekolo holima sefate, ho molemo ho kopanya liphekolo ho tsoa ho litlolo (cnawing) le mefuta e meng ea likokonyana (tse anyang) litlatsong tsa tanka, kaha esale li lekola ts'ebelisano ea lithethefatsi tse fapaneng.
Mekhoa ea ho sireletsa seratsoana ho tsoa mothong oa "codling moth"
Jarete ea likokonyana e ka sireletsoa ka mekhoa e fapaneng:
- agrotechnical kapa 'meleng,
- lik'hemik'hale, li sebelisa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana; empa, hopola: sethethefatsi se theko e tlase le se sebetsang se ka lematsa bophelo ba litho tsa lelapa le liphoofolo,
- tlhaho, e sebelisa li-biioinsecticides tse seng kotsi bophelo ba batho, liphoofolo, linonyana le lira tsa tlhaho tsa tšoele.
- setso: li-decoctions tsa litlama, ts'ebeliso ea lira tsa tlhaho tsa mothane oa codling (linonyana le likokoanyana tse thusang).
Caterpillar ea Apple Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella). © Joachim K. Lockener 
Karolo ea karolo ea apole e anngoeng ke tšoele. © 'Muso oa Australia Bophirima 
Butterfly Codling moth (Cydia pomonella). © Olaf LeillingerLiketsahalo tsa Agrotechnical
Tloso ea scavenger e sa feleng ka nako ya ho hola. Pele o nka lehlaka, lifate li ea sisinngoa e le hore litholoana tse senyehileng tse oeleng li oe.
Tlhahlobo ea hoetla le ea selemo le tlhoekiso ea sefate ho tsoa lekhapetleng la khale le senyane (boits'oaro ba cocoons), ho lokisa maqeba, ho tlosa makala a kulang, a omileng, tšoeu le makala a marapo. Haeba ho hlahlojoa coco 1 ho fumanoa, kamora matsatsi a 8-10, ts'ebetso e qala.
Etsa bonnete ba hore e hokela sekhomaretsi sa jareteng mabanta a ho tsomae natefiloeng ka phofo e nang le chefo kapa tharollo. Sekhomaretsi ha se omelle mme se sebetsa e le tšitiso e ntle ho litsie le likokonyana tse ling tse hahabang sefateng. Mabanta a fetoha hang ka khoeli ho tloha nakong ea selemo ho fihlela hoetla. Filimi - chesa.
Haeba mobu o ka tlas'a lifate o bolokiloe o le boemong ba moholi, etsa bonnete ba hore o oa cheka haufi le radius. Ka ho cheka ka radial, metso ha e senyehe, haholoholo malinyane a ntseng a nyoloha. Ho cheka ho qala ho tloha kutu, (5-10 cm), ho teba ho isa pheletsong ea moqhaka (15-20 cm).
Sebakeng sa mouoane tlas'a lifate, ho molemo ho lema mohloa o hlaha ka seboko, tansy, fatselia, limela tsa peo ea lihoete le litlama tse ling tse thunyang bakeng sa ho hohela lira tsa tlhaho (bapalami, li-trichographs, moea o fofa ka moea).
Ka jareteng e nyane ka liapole u ka e holisa tamati. Moth ha e khone ho mamella monko oa bona 'me e tlohela ho oela.
Mongobo o ka bochabela oa codling peach. © Clemson UniversityTšebeliso ea lik'hemik'hale
Lijareteng tsa lapeng u ke ke ua sebelisa meriana e bolaeang likokonyana. Bakeng sa lepotlapotla (hang ha e sebetsitsoe mme serapa se hloekile, ho kenyelletsa le ho beng ba sona), re ka u eletsa hore u reke lithethefatsi ka nako e khuts'oane ea ho bola, e leng chefo e nyane ho latela gradation mokhatlong. Li sebelise bakeng sa pele, lilemong tsa epiphytotic - bakeng sa kalafo ea bobeli. Ebe u fetohela ho lihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko.
Ho lik'hemik'hale, tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa ho ecology ea serapeng ke lik'hemik'hale: kinmix, senpai, bankol, mospilan, sonnet, decis, spark-M, alatar, intavir. E sebetsang haholoanyane ke lithethefatsi tsa sejoale-joale: coragen, match, insegar. Ho khothalletsoa hore u se ke ua sebelisa litokisetso tsa motho ka mong, empa motsoako oa litanka tsa lik'hemik'hale tse 2-3. Spray e lokela ho etsoa ka khutso ea mantsiboea.
Ha o sebetsa ka meriana e bolaeang likokonyana, ho hlokahala hore u ithute ka hloko litlhahiso le ho li latela. Keketseho ea tharollo ea tharollo e ke ke ea ntlafatsa sephetho sa kalafo, empa e tla senya karolo ea lihlahisoa tse sebetsang. U lokela ho lula u sebetsa le chefo ka liaparo tse khethehileng, 'me ha u qetile mosebetsi, ho hlapa, ho chencha liaparo, ho noa lebese (eseng veine!).
Ha ho sebetsoa motsoako oa motsoako oa tanka o tlameha ho fetoloa. Likokoanyana li tloaela meriana e bolaeang likokonyana ha li arabele kalafo.
Sejoana se setle sa likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo. © pestwizardLihlahisoa tsa likokoana-hloko
Litokisetso tsa biological li etsoa motheong oa microflora e sebetsang. Ha e kotsi bophelo ba motho mme e ka sebelisoa ho fihlela (le linako tse ling) le nakong ea kotulo. Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore lihlahisoa tsa bioloji li sebetsa feela ka mocheso o phahameng + 18 ° С le ho feta le ho nepahala ha tsona ho lekantsoe ke litšusumetso tsa kantle. Li hlatsoa metsi habonolo ha ho na pula le ha li nosetsa. Ka hona, lipalo tsa kalafo lia eketseha, kaha ho hlokahala ho li pheta ka mor'a ho fofa.
Ho lihlahisoa tsa bioloji, li-bioinsecticides lia sebetsa: phytoverm, lepidocide, bitoxibacillin, actofit, acarin, dendrobacillin le tse ling. Litokisetso tsa tharollo le ts'ebetso ea serapa li etsoa nakong ea komello, ka shoalane. Mehato ea polokeho mosebetsing e ea hlokahala: liatlana, likhalase.
Mokhatlo oa mosebetsi o kopaneng
Phello e kholo ka ho fetisisa e fanoa ke mehato e felletseng ea taolo ea likokoanyana ho latela linako tsa ts'ebetso. Litlhare tsa pele tse peli li etsoa ka motsoako oa litanka tsa lik'hemik'hale, 'me tse peli tse latelang li phekoloa ka bioinsecticides. Ho sebelisoa lepidocide le phytoverm, kamora libeke tse peli - bitoxibacillin kapa actophyte. Ka tsela (haeba boemo ba leholimo bo na pula) Litokisetso tsa likokoana-hloko li ka sebelisoa ho phekola serapa ka nako ea matsatsi a 7,8 le ka nako ea morao (ho mela ha sejalo). Hammoho le bioprocessing (haholo-holo ha u etsa temo ea likokoana-hloko), u ka sebelisa, ho kenyelletsa mekhoa ea agrotechnical, le setso ea ho loantša tšoele.
Lebanta le sirelletsang khahlanong le tšoele ea codling. © orangepostMekhoa ea setso ea ho loantša tšoele
Ho phekola limela ka hara naha ho ke ke ha sebelisa limela tse chefo. Tsena ke lik'hemik'hale tse ts'oanang tse ka nang le chefo. Ka tlase ho na le litlatsetso tse 'maloa le litlatsetso tsa litlama tse nang le thepa ea likokoanyana tse seng kotsi ho batho.
Onion.
Qhala 30-50 g ea sesepa se hlatsoang liaparo tse tala ka lilithara tse 10 tsa metsi (e ka ba ntho e tloaelehileng ntle le thepa e senyehang), eketsa 100 g ea lihlooho tsa bulb tse khabetsoeng ka lihokelo, tsitlella lihora tse 20 - 24 ebe o fafatsa lifate qalong ea lipalesa le ho li pheta kamora matsatsi a 4-6, ho fihlela li bonoe lirurubele tse fofang.
Mosetareta
Qhala 100 g ea phofo ea mosetareta ka nkhong ea metsi a chesang, tsitlella le ho fafatsa lifate bakeng sa letsatsi mohatong oa ho beha le ho hola mahe ka mora matsatsi a 3-4.
Marigolds.
Boholo ba marigolds kaofela bo kaholimo bo phuthoa le ho hlahisoa joalo ka tee ka tekanyo ea 500 g / 10 l ea metsi a belang, e tlhotliloeng kamora ho pholile. E fafalitsoe nakong ea selemo ntle le ho hlapolloha ho feta, lehlabuleng mahloriso a fokotseha ka dilution ea 1: 3 le hoetla - 1: 2. Tai tincture ea 'marigold e senya mefuta e robeli ea likokoanyana, ho kenyelletsa ho tsota le ho anya: likokoanyana, hoaba, popane, litsu, nematode, mofuta oa lipalesa tse ntšo le tse ling.
Litlhōrō tsa tamati.
Ho tloha ka hoetla, litlhokoa tsa langa le le lej li lokiselitsoe. Nakong ea selemo, 2 kg ea boima bo omileng e tšeloa lihora tse 10 ka sekotlolo sa metsi a chesang. E tlhotliloeng. Pele o fafatsa, hlapola makhetlo a 2. Tharollo ka setsing se koetsoeng se ka bolokoa ho fihlela libeke tse 3-4. Ha ho na letho le ka sebelisoang ho tsepamisa mohopolo.
Hay.
Furu e sa tsoakoang e khabeloa hantle, e tšeloa ka metsi a belang ebe e ts'oaroa matsatsi a 2-3. 1/3 kasika ea furu e khethiloeng e hlokahala ka nkhong ea infusion. Pele o sebelisoa, infusion e tlhotiloe, e entsoe ka metsi 1: 3 'me e tšoaroa ka lifate.
Sekhahla sa pheromone ea Hommade bakeng sa tšoele ea codling. © Stable Road HomesteadMoithuti ea ratehang! Ntle le pelaelo, setsing sa hau sa lihlomo ho na le mekhoa e meng, lipina tsa ho sebetsana le lijalo tsa litholoana ho tsoa ho tse senyang lijalo. Ka kopo arolelana boiphihlelo ba hau.
