Kannete boholo ba rona re bone setšoantšo sena nako e fetang e le 'ngoe: ka lithupa, likutu le makala a lifate tse khahlang tsa sebopeho se makatsang kapa mebele ea li-mushroom e tsebahala ho e mong le e mong ea nang le maoto le likatiba. Tsena ke li-xylotrophs - sehlopha se arohaneng sa li-fungus tsa sefate se holang mefuteng ea sefate le ho fumana phepo ho tloha moo.
Ka tlhaho ea bona, ke likokoana-hloko 'me ho hlaha ha li-fungus joalo ka morung kapa lijalo tsa lipalesa ho bolela hore e tla shoa haufinyane. Li-spores li kenella lehong ka lesoba le lenyenyane ka holim'a kutu, lula moo 'me le qale ho ngatafala. Li-encyme tsa Xylotrophs li boloka li-enzyme tse khethehileng tse thunyang li-polysaccharides tsa lehong, ho kenyelletsa selikalikoe, 'me ka lebaka leo mycelium e fepa, e tlosa limatlafatsi sefateng. Ka lebaka la khoholeho e ngata ea khabone kahare ho patsi, e thehiloeng nakong ea nts'etsopele ea mycelium, lits'ebetso tsa kholo ea li-mushroom tsa lehong li na le lebelo le phahameng.
Mefuta e meng e rata ho lula lifateng tse shoeleng, tse ling li khetha ho lula lehong le phela, hape ho na le li-mushroom tseo ho tsona ho se nang taba e le kannete. Nka li-mushroom tsa mahe a linotsi bonyane - li khona ho hola ho mefuta efe kapa efe, ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke sefate se shoeleng kapa che.
Li-mushroom tse ngata tsa sefate li na le kutu e kholo, e kholo ebile e na le kutu, kapa ha e eo ho hang, 'me nama e na le sebopeho se thata. Ho batla ho se bonolo ho arola maemo a itseng ho mong'a ona, ka lebaka leo batho ba bangata ba nahanang hore xylotrophs ha se ea kichineng. Ho joalo, mefuta e sa tsejoeng ea li-mushroom tsa lehong e ngata ka bongata, leha ho le joalo, har'a tsona ho na le li-mushroom tse nang le litšobotsi tse ntle tsa gastronomic.
Li-Xylotrophs tse monate
E 'ngoe ea li-mushroom tsa sefate tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke li-uyoe tse ratoang haholo tsa oyster. Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, ho bokellana ha tsona ka bongata ho ka bonoa merung ea botlokotsebe ea Crimea, empa li-mushroom tsa oyster le tsona li holisoa ka katleho maemong a maiketsetso moqomong o ikhethileng. Ba hola malapeng a maholo, boima ba motho bo ka feta 3 kg. E 'ngoe ea temo e ntle ka ho fetisisa ebile e sa rarahanang ea li-mushroom ke li-mushroom tsa oyster kapa li-oyster tsa oyster. E hola ka "lihlaha" tse kholo, tse fapaneng le tse teteaneng, likatiba tse kholo tse nang le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 25 li na le sebopeho sa metako ea lithutsoana le tse thata. Ha e le mebala, hangata ke molora o bobebe, leha ho na le mefuta e meng ea mebala, ho tloha ho 'mala o mosehla ho ea ho o moputsoa o lefifi. Tlas'a katiba ha ho na lipolanete tse sa tloaelehang, tse bosoeu le tse tšoeu, tse fetolang mosehla li-mushroom tsa khale. Leoto le lekgutshwane le batla le sa bonahale. Pulama e nkha hamonate, e tšoeu ebile e boreleli.
Li-mushroom tsa Oyster li ka phela ka hoo e batlang e le liapole tse thata, tse shoeleng kapa tse fokolang. Mokhelo ke oak feela.
Ntle le li-mushroom tsa oyster, li-mushroom tse jeoang tsa sefate li kenyelletsa:
- Li-mushroom tsa mariha (li-mushroom tsa mariha tsa mariha, li-velvet-legged cribia, enokitake). Hase e nyane e nang le bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 10 ke convex, e pente e sootho-e sootho. Leoto le tšesaane, tubular, brown, karolong e ka holimo e nang le tinge e khubelu. Pulama e boreleli, e tshehla, e nkha e ntle, e monate. U ka ja li-mushroom tsa khale, empa u sena maoto.
- Shiitake (aka Imperial li-mushroom, jeoang kapa jeme ea meru ea Japane). Li-mushroom li tšoana hantle le sebopeho sa mehendi champignon: lehare le bosootho bo bokhutšoaane joalo ka lipolanete tse bobebe le letlalo le omeletseng la letlalo le holang ka leoto. Pulama e bobebe, e nama ebile e na le pepere e bobebe. E sebelisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho moriana oa China ka lebaka la "cine" e phahameng feela, empa le thepa ea eona ea pholiso.
- Muer (hape ke li-mushroom tse sootho tsa China, auricular auricular kapa leihlo la Judase). E rata lifate tse telele tse shoeleng, ka tlhaho e hola haholo Chaena, empa e fumaneha ka bochabela. Mmele o holang o tšesaane, o sootho ka sebopeho sa auricle. Lepetjo le bonolo ebile le boreleli ebile le boreleli, ebile le bokhutšoaane hanyane ka hanyane ha motho a le lilemo. Pheko.
- Tinder sebabole-mosehla (li-mushroom tsa khoho kapa aka sebabole sa baloi). E hola holima lifate tse fokotsang bophelo bo botle ka mofuta oa kholo ea lipalesa tse 'mala oa lamunu. Pulang e nyane e bonolo haholo, e lero ebile e monate, ea khale e thata, e omelle ebile e na le acid.
- Griffin curly (aka ram li-mushroom, lekhasi le makhasi kapa maitake). E hola haholo ka mahlaka a lifate tse thata. 'Mele oa litholoana o na le maoto a mangata, o fetoha hantle ka likatiba tse bopehileng joaloka makhasi tse nang le metshetshe ea wavy, e pentiloeng ka' mala o botala bo botala bo botala bo botala bo nang le setsi se lefifi. Pulama e nkha joalo ka linate, e bobebe ebile e lerootho. Li-mushroom tsa khale li lefifi hape li thata.
Har'a mefuta ea li-mushroom tsa lehong tse ntseng li hola ka tsela ea kholo, tse monate ka ho fetisisa ke 'mele e monyane ea litholoana.
Li-Xylotrophs tse sa sebetseng empa li le molemo haholo
Joalokaha ho se ho boletsoe, li-mushroom tse ngata tsa sefate li na le nama e thata, e seng monate ho e ja, 'me maemong a mang ho ke ke ha khoneha, ho thata. Leha ho le joalo, har'a bona ho na le lipapatso tsa bohlokoa haholo tse tsoang ponong ea bongaka. Li sebelisetsoa ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa meriana tse thusang ho loantša mafu a mangata, ho kenyelletsa le oncology.
Tse ling tsa li-li-mushroom tse ka thusang haholo ke:
- Chaga larch birch. 'Mele oa litholoana o bopehile joaloka lehare, ha o le mapetsong. Letlalo le soeufetse ka 'mala,' me le fifala ka lilemo. Li-livers tse telele, li hola sefateng ho fihlela lilemo tse 20, boima ba li-mushroom tse le 'ngoe li fihla ho 3 kg. Nama ea Chaga e mosehla. Boholo ba limatlafatsi tse ngata bo fumanoa li-mushroom tse nyane tse holang lifateng tse phelang.
- Tinder fungus (aka Reishi). E mela ka lithupa le lifate tse khaolehang tse kulang. E na le leoto le lenyenyane empa le tiile haholo le khomaretse lehlakoreng lehlakoreng la lehe le letle le bopehileng joaloka lehe. Bokaholimo ba polypore ea varnish bo benya ebile bo boreleli. Mehala ea moriti o lefifi ho feta 'mala o ka sehloohong e tsamaea le katiba. Mebala e ka fapana: 'mala oa lamunu, o mofubelu ebile o' mala o moputsoa. Nama e se nang tatso le monko e boreleli qalong, empa kapele e fetoha lehong.
Ha re akaretsa taba, re ka re le ha li-mushroom tsa sefate e le likokoana-hloko tse senyang lifate mme li baka likotsi tse kholo ho balemi ba lirapa, leha ho le joalo, mefuta e meng ea mofuta ona e bohlokoa hape ka bobeli ho lingaka tsa bongaka le kalafong.
