Heather

Herbaceous evergreen heather e tloaelehileng (Calluna vulgaris) ke ona feela mofuta oa "heather" ea genus, o tsoang lelapeng la heather. Kajeno, ho na le mefuta e ka bang 500 ea semela sena, 'me boholo ba sona se na le litšobotsi tse phahameng haholo tsa mekhabiso. Tlas'a maemo a tlholeho, semela se fumanoa Europe (e namela ho tloha sebakeng sa liphokojoe tsa li-conifur-deciduous ho ea tundra), Afrika Leboea, Greenland, libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa Asia, Azores, lebopong la Atlantic la Amerika Leboea, ha e ntse e rata ho hola holima lithupa. libaka tse chesitsoeng le meru. Pale ea khale ea Scotland e re ea limela tsohle ke Heather feela ea ileng a lumela, ka kopo ea 'Mopi, ho hola holim'a maralla a se nang majoe a fefoleloang ke meea eohle, eo a e filoeng ntle le boikokobetso, mamello, monko o monate le ponahalo e ntle. Mme kajeno dibakeng tseo moo heather e hola, ha ho semela se seng. Ka linako tse ling e lula libakeng tse kholo, tse bitsoang li-moorlands. Heather o ile a reha lebitso la September ka lipuo tsa Belarusi, Seukraine le Sepolishe, e leng: Heather, heather, wrzesien.

Litšobotsi tsa Heather

Heather ke sehlahla se botala se lulang se le setala se nang le limela tse ngata tse 30-70 cm cm ka bolelele. Litafole tse nyane tsa pampiri, tseo e leng litheolelo, joalo ka ha eka li phuthoa ka mokopu. Lipalesa tse nyane tse monko o monate tse shebahalang joaloka mabili li pentiloe ka pinki ea lilac. Ke karolo ea borashe ba lehlakore le le leng. Lipalesa li qala halofo ea bobeli ea nako ea lehlabula, leha ho le joalo semela se joalo se ba setle haholo kamora ho qala ha serame sa pele, hobane makhasi a sona ka nako ena a pentiloe ka burgundy le mosehla. Robert Lewis Stevenson o ngotse ballad e felletseng ka heather "Heather mahe a linotsi". Semela se joalo ke semela se monate sa mahe a linotsi, athe mahe a linotsi a heather a nkoa a le bohlokoa haholo ho feta tsohle. Baqapi ba libaka ba sebelisa Heather ho khabisa maralla a lithaba, e lenngoeng haufi le litsela serapeng, 'me ba e sebelisa ho theha meeli e shebahalang e khahla haholo khahlanong le li-conifers tse nyenyane.

Ho hola heather ho tsoa lipeo

Jalang peo

Ho holisa heather ho tsoa lipeo, o hloka ho ba le mamello, hobane ts'ebetso ena e telele ebile e thata. Leha ho le joalo, ho ka u thabisa hore peo ea heather e na le tsoele pele ho mela, e leng liperesente tse 90. Sekotlolo se hloka ho tlatsoa ka motsoako oa lefats'e mme o kolobisitsoeng. Tsamaisa peo holim'a eona, empa ha ho hlokahale hore e tebise. Sejana se koahetsoe ka khalase ebe se emetse lipeo. Bakeng sa ho jala peo, ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa substrate e nang le lehlabathe, naha ea coniferous le peat, e nkuoang ka karolelano ea 1: 1: 2. Lijalo li hloka ho kenngoa mochesong (hoo e ka bang likhato tse 20), athe matsatsing a 7 a pele peo e hloka mongobo o phahameng. Ho hlaha ha lithunthung tsa pele ho etsahala kamora libeke tse 4. Hang ka mor'a ho hlaha ha lipeo, li lokela ho qala ho thatafatsa. Bakeng sa sena, bolulo bo lokela ho buloa nakoana. Kamora hore lipeo li mele haholo, li lokela ho kha, li lenngoe ka lipitsa kapa li behelloa ka sejaneng.

Tlhokomelo ea peo

Lehlabuleng, lipeo li lokela ho fallisetsoa serapeng ebe li beoa sebakeng se lefifi, ha e ntse e tlameha ho nosetsoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng. Ha ho bata ka ntle, lipeo li fetisetsoa kamoreng e pholileng (hoo e ka bang likhato tse 10 -12).

Leather heather sebakeng se sa feleng e ka etsahala feela ha a le lilemo li peli. Hopola hore heather e holisitsoeng ho peo ha e khone ho boloka matšoao a semela sa 'm'a. Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea hau, ho ka hlaha mefuta e mecha ka ho fetesisa.

Leather heather mobung o bulehileng

Ba lula kae le ka nako mang

Balemi ba lirapa ba nang le boiphihlelo ba khothaletsa ho lema heather nakong ea selemo, e leng ho tloha halofo ea bobeli ea Mmesa ho isa matsatsing a pele a Mots'eanong, o ka etsa sena hoetla - ho tloha bofelong ba Lwetse ho isa matsatsing a pele a Mphalane. Bakeng sa ho lema, ho molemo ho khetha libaka tse bulehileng, tse nang le mabone, empa o ka lema semela sena ka moriti o lekanang. Mobu oa peaty o nang le mongobo kapa oa lehlabathe le omileng o loketse haholo. Palesa ena e ke ke ea lengoa lefatšeng le nang le limela. Ho lokile haeba lefatše le na le limatlafatsi tse 'maloa, empa pH e lokela ho ba 4.5-5,5. Heather e tla hola hantle mobung o nang le lehlabathe, peat, komporo ea makhapetla (naha ea coniferous), e lokelang ho nkuoa ka karolelano ea 1: 3: 2. Sebaka seo Heather e holisoang ho sona se lokela ho sireletsoa moeeng. Ho tiisa mobu, ho bohlokoa ho kenya peat e khubelu ea peat ho eona.

Mokhoa oa ho lema

Ho latela mefuta-futa, lipeo tse 6 ho isa ho tse 10 li lenngoe moqomong oa mithara e le 'ngoe. Sehlahla se lokela ho patoa mobung ka lisenthimithara tse 25-35, athe 'metso oa metso o lokela ho ba maemong a lekanang le mobu. Haeba mobu oa letsopa o kahara sekoti se hlokoang, ho bohlokoa ho etsa mokato oa drainage o nang le lehlabathe kapa likhechana tsa litene, athe bophahamo ba eona bo lokela ho ba ho tloha lisentimetara tse 5 ho isa ho 10. Hape, lesobeng le leng le le leng u hloka ho tšela phofo ea manaka (30-50 ligrama) le nitrophoski (ligrama tse 20-30). Heather e lenngoeng e nosetsoa ka tekanyo ea lilithara tse 5,6 tsa metsi ka sehlahla se le seng. Bokantle ba setsi bo tlameha ho fafatsoa ka mposo ea mulch (li-chips tsa softwood kapa peat). Hopola hore semela sena se lenngoe hampe, kahoo o hloka ho khetha hanghang sebaka se loketseng ho se lema le ho se hlokomela hantle e le hore u se ke oa tlameha ho se fetisetsa.

Litšobotsi tsa Tlhokomelo

Motso oa heather ha o telele, kahoo o lokela ho nosetsoa khafetsa haeba pula e sa ngolisoe, 'me ho sebelisoa metsi a acidified. Hlokomela hore mobu holim'a setsi o lokela ho lula o le mongobo kamehla. Ntlheng ena, bokaholimo ba mobu bo tlameha ho koaheloa ka sehokelo sa mulch. Hape, mulch ha e lumelle mobu ho chesa haholo ka matsatsi a chesang. Heather e nosetsoa matsatsi ohle a 10-15. Kamora hore nosetso e phethe, o hloka ho theola mobu ka botebo ba disentimetara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15, athe mahola kaofela a tlameha ho tlosoa. E lokolle lehola mofoka mobung. Linakong tse thata, semela sena se ka ba le moea o omeletseng haholo ka lebaka lena, ho khothaletsoa ho le monya ho tsoa ho sprayer mantsiboea a mang le a mang. Se ke la lebala ho fepa semela selemo se seng le se seng nakong ea selemo (ka Mphalane kapa ka Mots'eanong), ha moiteli o felletseng oa minerale o kenngoa mobung, likhaba tse kholo tsa manyolo tsa 1.5-2 tsa manyolo li nkuoa ka morung o le mong (ho nka ligrama tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30 ka mithara ka bophara. Ka nako e ts'oanang, manyolo a ommeng a tlameha ho hasanngoa ka hloko sebakeng se leng le se seng, leka ho thibela ntho e se oeleng makhasi le lipalesa tsa semela, ho seng joalo ho tla chesoa holim 'a tsona. Kamora sena, ho apara ho lokela ho lokisoa ka se-mulch, le ho nosetsa mobu ka bongata. Selemo se seng le se seng, hoa hlokahala ho poma, e etsang mosebetsi o matlafatsang, mme e boetse e tsosa kholo ea letlobo le lenyane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho faola ka matla ho ka etsoa feela ha ho se ho fetile lilemo tse 3 ho tloha ka nako eo heather e neng e lenngoe. Leka ho boloka sebopeho sa moqhaka. Molao oa ho itšeha: inflorescence ka letsoho le letšehali e tlameha ho ts'oaroa ke karolo e kaholimo, 'me ka letsoho le letona - ho hlokahala ho khaola ½ kapa 2/3 ea inflorescence. Likarolo tse khaotsoeng li ka khaoloa hantle le ho fafatsoa ka holim'a mulch.

Likokoana-hloko le maloetse

Semela sena se loants'oa haholo ke likokoana-hloko tse kotsi le mafu, empa ka linako tse ling se angoa ke mafu a vaerase kapa fungal. Hangata Heather ea kula o bolaoa ke bohlooho bola. Nts'etsopele ea lefu lena e ka bakoa ke khaello ea metsi a mongobo mobung kapa ka lebaka la hore nakong ea selemo sekoahelo sa lehloa se fokotseha ka potlako, ka lebaka leo, maro a metsi tsamaisong ea metso. Ho latela mofuta oa tšoaetso, ho ba le lejoe le koahetsoeng holim'a lithupa, ebe makhasi le makala a shoa. Ho loants'oa lefu lena, ho sebelisoa kalafo ea semela le li-fungicidal agents, 'me Topaz le Fundazol ba sebetsana ka katleho le lefu lena. Haeba sehlahla se amehile haholo, joale ho tla hlokahala kalafo ka tharollo ea koporo ea koporo (1%). Hoa hlokahala ho hlophisa makhetlo a 3 le likotsi tsa matsatsi a 5-10. Bakeng sa thibelo, semela se phekoloa ka li-fungicides nakong ea selemo hang hoba sekepe se tlosoe ho sona. Ho hlokahala hape ho fafatsa lihlahla ka hoetla nakong ea ho itokisetsa mariha.

Haeba sehlahla se na le phofshoana e nang le phofo, makhasi a manyane a qala ho omella, ebe makhopho a soeufala a hlaha makhapetleng a makhasi. Haeba matheba a bofubelu bo sootho a hlaha makhasing, sena se bolela hore heather e tšoaelitsoe ke mafome. Mafu ana a mabeli a fungal, joalo ka grey bola, ka hona a kopantsoe le li-fungicidal agents.

Haeba sehlahla se hlaseloa ke vaerase, lipalesa tsa sona kapa lithunthung tsa sona li ka fokola, 'me mmala oa lipalesa le makhasi o fetoha o sa ts'oaneng, o fetoha o sa sebetseng bakeng sa mefuta ena. Boloetse bona bo ka se phekolehe, ka lebaka lena, limela tse amehang li lokela ho chekoa le ho felisoa. Sebaka seo ba hoholetseng ho sona se tlameha ho nosetsoa ka tharollo e matla haholo ea potasiamo permanganate.

Ketsahalong eo semela se holiloeng mobung se mo lekanang 'me se fumana tlhokomelo e hlokahalang, ha ho na monyetla oa hore oa kula.

Mofuta oa Heather

Mokhoa oa ho jala semela sena ka peo o hlalositsoe ka holimo. Le heather e ka hasoa ka ho ala, ho arola sehlahla kapa sehlahla. Qetellong ea nako ea lehlabula, li-cutic tsa apical li hloka ho khaoloa, ha li ntse li nkuoa makala a matla a lipalesa. Bakeng sa motso, ba lenngoe lipitsa tse tlatsitsoeng ka motsoako oa peat le lehlabathe (3: 1). Li hloka ho beoa sebakeng se pholileng (ho tloha ho likhato tse 15 ho isa ho 18), ha mobu o lula o le mongobo khafetsa. Hang ha likhoeli tse ling le tse ling tse 1.5-2, li-cuttings li hloka ho feptjoa, kaha li sebelisa tharollo ea urea (1 gram ea metsi ka litara e le ngoe ea metsi) kapa manyolo a micronutrient. Nakong ea selemo, limela tse metse ka metso li kenngoa mobung o bulehileng.

Heather hangata e hlahisoa ka ho ipeha ka boeona. Ha nako e ntse e ea, makala a khale a heather a lutse holim'a mobu 'me a mela. Bakeng sa ho rala, ho bohlokoa ho khumama, ka tlase haholo, kutu ea holima le ho e lokisa holim'a lefats'e. Ebe e koaheloa ka mokato oa peat, botenya ba eona bo lokelang ho lekana le 10 mm. Kamora likhoeli tse 12, ho tla hlokahala ho arola mokato ebe o beha sebakeng se sa feleng.

Heather o bonolo ebile o hasoa habonolo ka ho arola rhizome. Ts'ebetso ena e etsoa qetellong ea nako ea lehlabula. Ho etsa sena, cheka sehlahla se holileng tsebong. Mobu ha o hloke ho tlosoa metso, o khaoloa likarolo tse 'maloa e le hore karolong ka' ngoe ea karohano ho na le metso le thunya e nyane. Pele o lema karo-karolelano, lithupa tsa khale li lokela ho khaoloa. Hang-hang li lenngoe sebakeng se sa feleng ka likoting tse fapaneng, ha u sa lebale ho fafatsa libaka tsa linoko ka mashala a sithabetseng.

Heather kamora ho thunthung

Libakeng tse nang le boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng, semela sena se mamella mariha ntle le tšireletso. Empa ka nako ea mariha e bata haholo ebile e na lehloa le leholo, Heather e se e loketse mariha. Ha serame se kenella, bokaholimo ba Morero bo lokela ho fafatsoa ka karolo ea peat, ebe bo koahela heather ka boeona ka makala a spruce, a tla sireletsa limela ho tloha serame le ho chesoa ke letsatsi nakong ea selemo. Ho tla hlokahala ho tlosa bolulo ka April.

Mefuta ea mantlha le mefuta e fapaneng e nang le lifoto le mabitso

Heather Kelley (Calluna vulgaris) - Ena ke eona feela mefuta ka lapeng. Khafetsa nahana ka Heather Erica, e amanang haufi le semela sena. Leha ho le joalo, Heather le erica ke limela tse fapaneng. Heather tloaelehileng e na le palo e kholo ea mefuta e metle, ka nako ena ho na le likotoana tse ka bang 500. Balemi ba lirapa ba arola mefuta ena kaofela ka lihlopha tse 6 tse fapaneng.

Sehlopha sa 1. Mefuta e fapaneng e nang le makhasi a matala

1. Allegro. Bophahamo ba sehlahla sena se lulang se le setala bo ka ba 0,6 m, mme moqhaka oa sona o na le bophara ba limithara tse 0.5. Ho na le moqhaka o kopaneng hantle o botenya, makhapetla a sootho le makhasi a makhasi a 'mala o moputsoa o lefifi. Lipalesa li bonoa ho tloha matsatsing a ho qetela a Phupu ho isa qetellong ea Mphalane. Lipalesa tse khubelu-carmine li boreleli, li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence tse telele. Semela ha se qete mariha, ke lihlahla tse nyane feela tse hlokang ho koaheloa bakeng sa mariha.
2. Carmen. Mefuta ena e nyalisitsoeng e tsoakiloeng Netherlands, e tumme haholo linaheng tsa Europe. Sehlahla se fihla bophahamong ba 0,3-0.4 m, se na le moqhaka o pota-potileng, makhasi a manyane a botala bo botala, makhapetla a sootho bo bosehla, lipalesa tse bonolo tse pherese tse pherese tse bokelletsoeng ka lipalesa (bolelele ho fihlela lisentimetara tse 10). Ha e kenelle serame, empa e hloka tšireletso nakong ea mariha.

Hape ho atile mefuta e kang: Radnor, Duckness, Ross Hatton, Mazurka, Marco, Barnett Enley, Hoxtone le ba bang.

Sehlopha sa 2. Mefuta e fapaneng ea lipalesa tse tšoeu le lipalesa tse makhasi a matala

1. Alba. Bophahamo ba sehlahla se otlolohileng ke limilimithara tse 0,4, athe moqhaka o na le bophara ba limithara tse 0.55. makaleng a hloellang ho na le lipolanete tse makhasi a makhasi a tala. Lipalesa tse tšoeu li bokelloa ka monokotšoai o moholo oa li-inflorescence.
2. Alexandra. Lihlahla tsa sebōpeho sa moea li fihla bophahamong ba 0,3 m, le bophara ba limilimithara tse 0,4 makhasi a matala a le botala bo lefifi 'me lipalesa li le' mala o moputsoa, ​​ebe qetellong ea lipalesa li fetoha bofubelu bo lefifi.

Hape tse ratoang ke mefuta e kang: White Lawn, Hampty Dampty, Long White, Alec Martin, Alba Jay le ba bang.

Sehlopha sa 3. Mefuta e fapaneng e nang le makhasi a silevera

1. Siliva Knight. Mefuta ena e hlahisoa England. Bolelele ba sehlahla bo ka ba 0,3 m, mme bophara ba moqhaka o kopaneng oa mosamo ke limithara tse 0,45. Bokapetla bo bosootho bo bosootho, li-plates tsa makhasi a sephara a li-brown li na le pubescence. Mariha, makhasi a fetoha burgundy. Lipalesa tse bonolo tse pherese kapa lipalesa tsa lilac li bokelloa ka li-inflorescence, li na le bolelele ba lisentimitara tse 20. Khahlano le serame, empa bakeng sa mariha e hloka ho koaheloa.
2. Peter Spark. Mefuta-futa e boetse e fumanoa England. Bophahamo ba sehlahla bo bolelele ba 0.5 m, mme bophara ba moqhaka oa eona oval ke 0,6 m. Bark e na le mmala o moputsoa, ​​makhasi a manyane a lehlabula le hoetla a le botala bo lefifi, 'me mariha le selemo ke botala bo botala. Lipalesa tse pinki tse lefifi ke karolo ea inflorescence, bolelele ba eona e leng 0.3 m. E na le serame sa ho hanyetsa sa serame.

Hape tse ratoang ke mefuta e kang: Annmarie, Velvet feshene, Jan Decker, Glendwick Silver le ba bang.

Sehlopha sa 4. Mefuta e fapaneng le makhasi a khauta

1. Andrew Proudley. Sehlahla se fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 15, athe bophara ba moqhaka oa sona bo ka ba lisenthimithara tse 25. Makala a ntseng a hola ka bongata a bobebe. Nakong ea mofuthu, makhasi a 'mala oa lamunu ebile a na le malebela a' mala o mosehla, 'me mariha a pentiloe ka' mala oa bronze. Lipalesa tse pinki tse nyane ke karolo ea inflorescence e sa sebetseng.
2. Boscup. Mefuta-futa e entsoe Holland. Sehlahla se fihla bophahamong ba limilimithara tse 4,4, 'me bophara ba moqhaka oa sona o kopaneng ke 0.5 m. Hlabula, makhasi a makhasi a 'mala o mosehla, ebe ka hoetla a fetoha koporo e' mala o mofubelu. Lipalesa tse bonolo tsa lilac-pink ke karolo ea li-inflorescence tse khutšoane tse sa koaheloang, tse fihlang lisenthimithara tse 10 ka bolelele. E na le serame sa ho bata sa serame.

Hape ho tsebahala ke mefuta e kang: Aura, Arran Gold, Blazeaway, Krimson Sunset, Gold Hayes, Cottswood Gold, jj.

Sehlopha sa 5. Mefuta e fapaneng e nang le lipalesa tsa terry

1. Khanya ea Autumn. Bophahamo ba sehlahla se phatlalalitsoeng se ka ba 0,3 m, mme bophara ba moqhaka oa sona o ka ba limithara tse 0.45 Ho makala, lipheo li phahamisoa. Lipalesa tse makhasi a matala a lefifi, lilac tse 'mala o moputsoa, ​​lipalesa tse mebala-bala ke karolo ea lipale tse khuts'oane tse bobebe tsa lebala la lipalesa.
2. Monica. Bophahamo ba sehlahla se pharalletseng se bophara ba 0.55 m, mme bophara ba moqhaka oa sona ke limithara tse 0,8.Lipalesa tse makhasi a matala mariha li fetoha boputsoa. Lipalesa tse khubelu tse bosootho bo bosehla li kholo haholo, li bokellelitsoe ka li-inflorescence tse tala tsa lebala.

Hape ho tsebahala ke mefuta e kang: Red Fairyt, Star Star e lefifi, Alba Plena, Joan Spark, County Wicklow.

Sehlopha sa 6. Mefuta e fapaneng e nang le lipalesa tse sa qothisanang lehlokoa

1. David Eason. Bolelele ba sehlahla se sephara se ka ba lisenthimithara tse 20, 'me bophara ba moqhaka oa sona ke lisenthimithara tse 25. Ho na le palo e kholo ea makala a ntseng a nyoloha. Lithapo tsa makhasi li putsoa ka botala. Lipalesa tse lefifi tse 'mala o mopinki ke karolo ea borashe bo bokhuts'oane.
2. Marlin. Sehlopha sa Jeremane. Sehlahla se fihla bophahamong ba limilimithara tse 0,3, 'me bophara ba moqhaka oa sona ke limilimithara tse 0.5. Lichelete tsa mauve kapa 'mala o pherese o tebileng ha o so buloe.

Mefuta e meng e tummeng ke ena: Romina, Minima, Fritz Kircher.

Melemo ea heather

Heather o na le meriana e sebelisoang meriana ea setso le ea setso. E sebelisoa haholo kalafong ea ho khohlela, mafu a liphio, cystitis, pyelitis, urethritis, dysentery, lets'ollo, gastritis, enterocolitis, rheumatism, gout, le mafu a letlalo. Lithunthung tsa Heather li kotuloa ho tloha matsatsing a ho qetela a Pherekhong ho fihlela ka Loetse, hobane nakong ena e na le palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea lintho tsa bohlokoa: flavonoids, letsoai la mineral ea phosphorus, potasiamo, calcium le sodium, acid acid. Ka lebaka la bona, semela se na le antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, diaphoretic, pholiso ea leqeba, expectorant, diuretic, astringent, tlhoekiso le matla a ho susumetsa.

A decoction ea shrub ena e sebelisetsoa ho hloka boroko le mathata a tsamaiso ea methapo, bakeng sa atherosclerosis ea likepe, mafu a pampitšana ea gastrointestinal, acidity e ngata, cholecystitis le botenya. Haeba 'metso o tsoile kapa ho na le ho ruruha molomong, joale ntho e sebelisitsoeng ho sebelisoa ho hlakola. Tincture ea joala semeleng sena e thusa ka lefuba. Powder e etsoa ka lipalesa tse sithabetseng, tse thusang ka liso, eczema, maqeba le ho chesoa. Ka radiculitis, libethe tsa heather li nkuoa. Motsoako, o hlophisitsoeng ho tloha lipalesa, o tšeloa letlalong la hlooho, hona ho thusa ho tlosa tahlehelo ea moriri le ho ntlafatsa bophelo ba bona.

U ka nka Heather bakeng sa motho e mong le e mong, empa leha ho le joalo, pele o tsoela pele ka kalafo ka semela sena, o hloka ho buisana le ngaka e nang le boiphihlelo. Ho molemo ho hana ho sebelisa meriana e entsoeng ka heather kahare ho ba nang le acidity e tlase ea lero la gastric.