Ho lengoa mefuta e fetang 260 ea litapole Russia. Li fapana har'a tsona ka sehlopha sa ripeness, tlhahiso le ho hanyetsa maloetse. Mefuta ea litapole ea pele e ratoa haholo ke balemi ba lirapa Russia ka lebaka la nako ea bona e khuts'oane ea ho butsoa.
Mefuta ena e qala ho hola ka mafolofolo le ho hola hang ha lefatše le futhumala ho fihlela +10 ° C. Ho kotula lijalo tsa pele ho ka qala kamora ho thunya. Nakong ena, li-tubers tse nang le letlalo le tšesaane li hlaha. Litholoana li lahleheloa ke mongobo kapele, kahoo li ke ke tsa bolokoa nako e telele. Litapole tse joalo lia jeoa kapa lia rekisoa 'marakeng lehlabula. Ha lekhapetla le le matla (hangata ka Phato - Loetse), o ka kotula sejalo sa mantlha bakeng sa polokelo ea nako e telele mariha.
Nako ea ho mela ea mefuta e mengata hangata e ipapisitse le boleng ba thepa ea peo, matsatsi a ho lema, mongobo o lekaneng le lisebelisoa tse bohlokoa mobung, tekanyo ea ts'ireletso ea limela liaparong tsa mafu le maloetseng, hammoho le maemo a leholimo a leholimo.
Mefuta e metle ea litapole tsa pele tse lenngoeng Russia ke:
- Scarlet e khubelu;
- Bellarose;
- Gala
- Adretta;
- Karatop;
- Zhukovsky pele ho nako.
Balemi ba lirapa ba nang le boiphihlelo ba sebelisa ho lema mefuta e mengata ea pele ea litapole. Pele, tlasa maemo a leholimo a fapaneng, mefuta e fapaneng le e 'ngoe e phela ka tsela ea eona. 'Me ho thata ho bolela esale pele hore na ke mang ea tla fana ka litholoana tse ntle. Taba ea bobeli, ho boetse ho molemo ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng bakeng sa ho pheha: bakeng sa salate, mefuta e thata e betere, 'me bakeng sa litapole tse khotliloeng ho molemo ho nka litapole, tse phehiloeng hantle.
Makhopho a Mofubelu a fapaneng
Tafole e neng e entsoe ka nako e telele haholo e tsoa Holland. Nako ea ripening ea litapole tsa Red Scarlet ke matsatsi a 45-70. Lintlha tsa Bohlokoa:
- Lijalo tsa motso li kholo, li bolelele, li na le sebopeho se boima ba 85-120 g. Peel e khubelu ka 'mala, bokantle bo boreleli, ka mahlo a sa tebang.
- Pulama e tšehla, ha e fifale nakong ea tšenyo ea mochini. Mmala ka mor'a kalafo ea mocheso ha o fetohe. Nakong ea ho pheha, litapole tsa Red Scarlet ha se tloaelo ea ho fifala ebile ha li belise.
- Litaba tsa starch ke 10-15%.
- Ho hanyetsa hantle komello, mafu (livaerase, nematode ea khauta litapole, blight ea morao-rao, lekhasi la khaba, kankere ea litapole).
- Tlhahiso - 400 kg / ha.
- E bolokiloe hantle mariha.
Ho netefatsa chai e ngata ea litapole tsa Red Scarlet, ho hlokahala hore o lokolle mobu hantle sebakeng sa libaka tsa tubers bakeng sa ho kenella ha mongobo le moea. Sena se ama hantle sebopeho sa tsamaiso e ntle ea metso le litlhako tse matla.
Mophato Bellarosa
Mefuta e mengata ea pele e inehetseng e hlahisoang ke balemi ba Jeremane. Nako ea ripening ho tloha ho jalang ho isa kotulong ke matsatsi a 45-60. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa litapole tsa Bellarose:
- Li-tubers li kholo, li le sephara ka sebopeho, li boima ba g 200. Peel e pinki ka 'mala, bokaholimo bo bosehla, ka palo e nyane ea mahlo a manyane.
- Nama e putsoa, ha e fifale nakong ea ho pheha, e na le tšenyo e fokolang litšenyehelong tsa mochini. Litapole tsa mefuta-futa Bellarosa e entsoe hantle, e na le tatso e monate e bohareng.
- Litaba tsa starch ke 15.7%.
- Ho hanyetsa haholo mafu (livaerase, nematode, kankere ea litapole, lekhasi la makhasi) le komello.
- Tlhahiso ke 400 kg / ha.
- Bophelo ba matlapeng a litapole bo monate.
Libakeng tse ka boroa-bophirima, o ka kotula mefuta e 'meli ea kotulo ea litapole tsa Bellarose ka nako e le ngoe. Ho etsa sena, kamora ho kotula sejalo sa pele mathoasong a Mphalane, o ka lema hape lotho e se nang letho. Semela sa bobeli se lokela ho butsoa mathoasong a September.
Litapole tse fapaneng Gala
Phase ea ripening ea pele. Ho tloha ho lema ho fihlela ho kotula ho kotula, ho feta matsatsi a 70-80. Tlhaloso ea Potato Gala:
- Lijalo tsa motso tsa boholo bo bohareng, tse boima ba 100-120 g, li na le sebopeho se chitja kapa sa oval. Peel e mosehla, bokaholimo bo boreleli, ka mahlo a sa tebang.
- 'Mala oa makhapetla o fapana ho tloha' mala o mosehla o mosehla ho ea mosehla o mosehla. E na le tatso e ntle. Nakong ea ho pheha, ha e belise ebile ha e lefifi.
- Likahare tsa starch li tlaase ho 11-13%, ka hona, li loketse phepo e nepahetseng ea phepo.
- E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tsa mantlha tsa litapole tsa Gala ea litapole ke ho hanyetsa ha eona ka tšenyo ea mochini le leqeba.
Le ha ho le joalo, limela li tloaetse ts'oaetso ea fungus ka rhizoctonia, ka hona li hloka ho hlamahanya; - Tlhahiso - 340-600 kg / ha;
- E bolokiloe hantle mariha.
Libeke tse 2 pele u kotula litapole tsa Gala, ho khothalletsoa hore pele u tlose litlhako ka botlalo. Sena se tlatsetsa bophelong bo bolelele ba sefuba ba li-tubers tse maemong a matle.
Tse fapaneng Adretta
Ho ile ha tla mefuta e mengata ea tafole ea bohareng ba pele-pele e neng e tsoa Russia ho tsoa Jeremane. Ho mela ho etsahala matsatsi a 60-80 kamora ho lema. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa mefuta e fapaneng ea litapole Adretta:
- Li-tubers li na le sebopeho se boima, li boima ba 120-140 g. Ebola e 'mala o mosehla, e na le mahlo a manyane.
- Nama e putsoa ka 'mala o mosehla, o khona ho sebetsa hantle haholo. E entsoe hantle ha e pheha.
- Litaba tsa starch li teng ka kakaretso - tse ka bang 16%.
- Adretta e fapaneng e eketsehile ho hanyetsa mafu a mangata, likokonyana, bola le maemo a tlase a mocheso. Leha ho le joalo, e tšoaetsoa ke maloetse a joalo: leqeba, rhizoctoniosis, blight ea morao-rao le leoto le letšo.
- Tlhahiso ke 450 kg / ha.
- E loketse polokelo ea nako e telele.
Kaha litapole tsa litapole tsa Adretta li mahareng pele ho nako, ho bohlokoa hore u se ke oa li pepesetsa mobung e le ho qoba ho bola ha li-tubers nakong ea lipula tse matla tsa hoetla.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea Karatop
Pholo ea tafole e butsoitseng e sa le pele. Ho tloha ho lema ho isa ho butsoa ho nka matsatsi a 50-70. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa mefuta ea litapole tsa Karatop:
- Li-tubers li nyane, li chitja ka sebopeho, li boima ba 90-100 g. Peel e boreleli ka 'mala, bokaholimo bo boreleli, ka mahlo a manyane.
- Nama e boreleli, e na le tatso e ntle. Mefuta ea litapole ea Karatop e boloka sebopeho se tsitsitseng kamora ho pheha le 'mala o monate oa mosehla.
- Litaba tsa starch li 14.4%.
- Khanyetso e phahameng ea vaerase le mafu a mang (nematode, kankere ea litapole).
- Tlhahiso - 450 kg / ha.
- E na le boleng bo botle ba ho boloka.
Bakeng sa chai e ntle, ho bohlokoa ho lema mefuta e mengata ea litapole tsa Karatop setšeng moo litlama le litlama li neng li tloaetse ho holisa, le lupine hodima mobu oa lehlabathe.
Litapole tse fapaneng Zhukovsky pele ho nako
Tapole ea pele ea litapole e sa tsoakoang ke balemi ba malapeng. Nako ea ripening ke matsatsi a 60. Litšobotsi tse ka sehloohong tsa litapole Zhukovsky pele ho nako:
- Li-tubers li kholo, li na le oval, tse boima ba 100-150 g. Bokantle bo boreleli, bo bobebe bo pinki kapa beige, ka mahlo a mmaloa a pinki.
- Pulama e tšoeu, ha e fifale ha e kuta. Litapole tsa Zhukovsky tsa mehleng ea khale ha li na sephiri ebile li loketse ho halikoa.
- Litaba tsa starch ke 15%.
- Haholo-holo a ikokobelitse hape a hanyetse mafu a mangata (nematode, gale, rhizoctonia). Ho hanyetsa ka matla komellong le mocheso o tlase.
- Tlhahiso ke 380 kg / ha.
- Ka mongobo o lekaneng le mocheso o lekaneng, o ka tsoela pele ho fihlela bohareng ba selemo.
Litapole pele Zhukovsky e ka lengoa ka Mphalane. Leha ho le joalo, ho sireletsa khahlanong le serame le ho eketsa mocheso oa mobu, ho bohlokoa hore o koahele litapole tse lenngoeng ka agrofiber. Ha tšokelo ea serame e feta le mocheso oa moea o phahama, sekoaelo se tlosoa.
Ho hlakile hore ho lema mefuta e sa tsoaneng ea litapole ho na le melemo e mengata e ke keng ea latoloa.
- Monyetla oa ho kopanya likarolo tsa tlhaho tsa mefuta le maemo a leholimo a loketseng. Litapole ha li angoe ke litlamorao tse mpe tsa komello hoetla lehlabula.
- Limela tse nyane ha li na nako ea ho senyeha ke kokoanyana ea litapole ea Colorado, 'me e holileng ke eona e jereng mafu a vaerase (aphid, cicadas).
- Palo e nyane ea kalafo ea lik'hemik'hale. Ka lebaka leo, tšilafalo ea tikoloho le litapole ka chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana e ea fokotsoa, 'me litšenyehelo tsa thepa le tsona lia fokotseha.
- Nako e lekanyelitsoeng ea nosetso e nkang nako.
Leha ho le joalo, ho jala feela mefuta e fapaneng ea ripone ea pele, o ka lahleha ntle le ho hakanya le boemo ba leholimo. Ka hona, ho khothalletsoa ho beha karolo ea 50% ea moelelo oa litapole tsa pele, 'me u jale tse ling ka ho lekana le mefuta e bohareng ea ripening le e bohareng ba morao.
