Kamora ho kotula, haeba ho hlokahala, ho jala moetlo ona, balemi ba lirapa ba tlohela karolo ea peo bakeng sa ho jala. Ho sa tsotelehe hore na boemo ba leholimo bo botle hakae, ho jala peo hang-hang ho ke ke ha theha lipeo. Sena se etsahala hobane germ ea peo e tlameha ho feta nako ea phomolo. Bolelele ba nako ea ho chesoa ke kemiso ke physiology ea peo, nako ea limela ea limela (e qala ka selemo, e fela ka hoetla). Haeba lipeo tsa mefuta eohle ea lijalo li mela hantle hona moo hoetla, limela li ka shoa ka lebaka la maemo a leholimo a sa tsamaellaneng le bophelo ba mohono o monyane.
Peo e na le lik'hemik'hale tse ikhethang tse thibelang mochine oa ntlafatso. Lintho tsena li bitsoa li-block blockers kapa li-inhibitors. Butle-butle, bongata ba bona ka peo boa fokotseha 'me lik'hemik'hale tse ling tse bitsoang li-activists tsa kholo li qala ho susumetsa ts'ebetso ea mmele ho peo hore e nkele li-inhibitors. Ba tsosa emong ho tloha phomolong (hibernation) mme, ho kenyelletsa mochini oa nts'etsopele, ba fana ka tsoele pele ho mela, kholo le kholo ea semela.
Hlaha.
Hobaneng ha peakanyo ea peo e hlokahala?
Ts'ebetso ea phetoho ea lipeo ho tloha ho dormancy ho ea bophelong bo mafolofolo tlas'a tšusumetso ea litšusumetso tsa kantle ho peo e bitsoa stratification. Ha e le hantle, stratation ke tokisetso ea "mouoane" bakeng sa nts'etsopele. Ho fetisa peakanyo ea peo, ho hlokahala maemo a itseng: mocheso o loketseng le mongobo. Li baka ho nolofatsa ha likhetla tse thata, ho hlohlona ha tsona, moholi. Tlas'a tšusumetso ea mongobo, peo ea ruruha, ts'ebetso ea 'mele ea ho fetola lintho tse boima tsa limolek'hule tse ngata hore e be tse bonolo tse fihlellang leheong la phepo e nepahetseng.
Ntle le stratation, lipeo li ke ke tsa mela, haholoholo ka phetoho e matla ea maemo a mocheso le mongobo libakeng tse bohareng le tse ka leboea. Libakeng moo maemo a leholimo a sa fetoheng, lipeo ha li hloke nako e telele ebile li khona ho hlahisa selemo ho pota.
Nako ea ho fetoha ha limela ka bongata e simolohile ho isa ho likhoeli tse 6, empa ho na le lijalo tse sa feleng tseo nako ena e nyolohelang ho tse 2 (Tafole 1). Boholo ba lijalo tsa lipalesa, haholo-holo nakong ea ho jala nakong ea selemo, le tsona li hloka stratification, lenane la tse ling tsa tsona li fanoa ka tafoleng. 2.
Morero oa mantlha oa ho kheloha ke ho fokotsa nako ea phomolo maemong a entsoeng ka boqhetseke le ho tsosa emong ho hola le ho hola, ke hore, ho amohela lipeo tse mosa ka nako e fanoeng.
Lethathamo 1. Matsatsi a ho bata ha lijalo tsa lijalo tsa ka mehla
| Setso | Nako ea stratation, matsatsi |
|---|---|
| Apricot | 80-100, 120-150 |
| Quince | 70-90 |
| Cherum plum | 120-180, 130-150 |
| Barberry, honeysuckle, | 75-90 |
| Hawthorn, viburnum | 210-240 |
| Keresemese e tloaelehileng, chokeberry | 150-180 |
| Khale ea ciliegia | 100-120 |
| Walnut | 50-80 |
| Pear | 75-100 |
| Fragola e hlaha | 20-30 |
| Cotoneaster, lekholo | 75-90 |
| Schisandra chinensis | 90-120 |
| Magonia, morara, khosana | 120-140 |
| Lialmonde | 50-70, 120-140 |
| Perekisi | 100-120 |
| Plum, reteleha, molora oa thaba | 120-180, 150-180 |
| Cheri ea linonyana, lilac, aconite, ho ts'oara, moamoheli, anemone | 30-50 |
Mefuta ea stratation
Ka ts'ebetso, ho sebelisoa mefuta e mengata ea stratation:
- bata
- futhumala
- kopaneng
- hloa.
Tlhokahalo, nako le mofuta oa stratation, joalo ka molao, li bontšoa ka har'a sephutheloana ka peo kapa ho li-directory. Peo e omeletseng e hloekisitsoeng ho tloha masalela a manyolo e beoa stratation. Ho seng joalo, tikolohong e mongobo, li ka bola (lifate tsa apole, liperela).
Cold stratation
Bakeng sa lijalo tse sa feteng peo, maemong a karohano e hlakileng ka nako e batang le e futhumetseng, e qetellang limela ka hoetla, hangata stratification e sebelisoa. Mofuta ona oa ho kheloha o hlokoa ke litso tsa libaka tse futhumetseng. Peo e beoa maemong a nang le mocheso oa moea ho tloha ho 0 ho + 4ºС le mongobo 65-75%. Nako ea ho kheloha maemong ana e ka ba likhoeli tse 1-6. E sebelisetsoa lipeo tsa pome, litholoana tsa majoe, meroho e meng, palesa le lijalo tse ling. Haeba lijalo li sa fetole sethala, li ka 'na tsa se ke tsa mela nakong ea selemo. Ka mantsoe a mang, stratization e etsisa ho jala hoa mariha bakeng sa lijalo tse ling, ha emong a fuoa maemo a ho phomola le ho tsosa kholong e latelang.
Peō e 'ngoe e hlokang hore ho lule ho nakoana mochesong o tlase e ka mela ntle le hore e mele. Empa maemong ana, lipeo li tla hasana eseng li le botsoalle (sea-buckthorn, honeysuckle, fragola ea hlaha).
Therat stratation
Therat stratation e fapana le nako e batang ea nakoana. Ka tloaelo, lijalo tsa meroho lia tlatsana. Peo e ommeng e ka ba lipopisong tse emisitsoeng nako e telele. Empa ho phahamisa mocheso ho +18 - + 22ºº le mongobo ha o tlase ho 70% ho tsosa mekhoa ea bophelo. Mohlala: tamati, pepere, likomkomere, li-eggplant li lekane ho inela ka metsing a futhumetseng, li tloha sebakeng se futhumetseng mme kamora letsatsi kapa tse peli ho hlaha peo, ke hore, ho hlaha lipeo tsa mahe a emolisitsoeng.
Peo ea limela tsa mekhabiso, e jaroe polokelo le stratation.
Khoebo e kopaneng
Stratization e kopaneng e sebelisoa ho peo le peo tse tšoanang le litlo tse ling tsa libaka moo ho eketsang tsoele pele ho mela, ho latela maemo a fetohileng a selemo hoa hlokahala. Hangata tsena ke peo e sa feleng e nang le peel e teteaneng e ngata (hawthorn, viburnum, snowberry, yew, apricot, plum). Peo ea hawthorn le viburnum e hloka stratization e telele (likhoeli tse 7-8). Ho nolofatsa khetla e teteaneng le ho tsosa emong, peo e bolokoa pele ho likhoeli tse 4 ka mocheso oa 20-25 ° C ka sekotlong se nang le mongobo o phahameng, ebe likhoeli tse 5-6 sebakeng se pharalletseng kapa sebakeng se phodileng ka mocheso oa 0- + 5 ° C. Bakeng sa yew, mefuta e meng ea 'mapa, nako ea ho futhumala ha likhoeli tse 1,0-1,5 e lekane, ebe peo e beoa mohatong o batang.
Mehato stratization
Ona ke mofuta o rarahaneng ka ho fetisisa oa peakanyo ea mekhahlelo e mengata. E na le mekhahlelo e 'maloa ea mocheso o tlase le o phahameng. Joale, peo ea mefuta e meng ea pions, actinidia ka makhetlo a 'maloa e mamella li-mocheso tse phahameng le tse tlase.
Primrose, aquilegia, aconite e lula e le leqhoa. Pele o jala ka matsatsi a 5-7, lipeo tsa tsona li bolokoa ka metsi ka mocheso oa kamore + 18 ° C mots'eare, ebe li kenngoa ka sehatsetsing sehatsetsing bosiu. Maemong ana, tsoele pele ho peo e phahame ebile e mosa.
Lethathamo la lijalo tse ling tseo peo ea tsona e hlokang hore li hlohlorehe
Wrestler, kapa Aconite (Aconitum) Mefuta e meng: Altai wrestler; Wrestler e phahame; Berested wrestler; Wrestler ke setlhare Hoodie wrestler. Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli:
- 20 ... 25 ° C ho tloha libeke tse peli ho isa ho likhoeli tse tharo
- 0 ... 5 ° С - 1-6 likhoeli
Anemone, kapa Anemone (Anemone) Mefuta e meng: Anemone putsoa; Anemone nemorosa, kapa; White anemone; Anemone Altai. Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli:
- 18 ... 20 ° С - likhoeli tse 2-3
- 2 ... 5 ° C - likhoeli tse 3-4
Poone ea mabone (Centaurea) Mefuta e meng: Bola poone, kapa Field poone; Fishermon Stratification e hlokahala ka mocheso oa 1 ... 5 ° C - likhoeli tse 1-2. Ho jala ho ka etsoa libakeng tse bulehileng (Mphalane-Mots'eanong).
Clove (Dianthus) Mefuta e meng: Carnation ke lehlabathe; Clove joang; Carnation e ntle haholo. Stratification e hlokahala ka mocheso oa 1 ... 5 ° C - likhoeli tse 1-2. Ho jala ho ka etsoa libakeng tse bulehileng (Mphalane-Mots'eanong).
Jeffersonia (Jeffersonia) Mefuta e meng: Jeffersonia e belaetsang, Jeffersonia bifolia. Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli:
- 8 ... 10 ° С - 6 likhoeli
- 10/30 ° С * - Khoeli e 1
* Kamora mona lenaneng. X / Y ° C e bolela hore lipeo li lokela ho bolokoa ka mocheso oa X ° C bakeng sa lihora tse 18 le lihora tse Y - tse 6. Ona ke puso ea polokelo ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ke hore, letsatsi le leng le le leng lipeo li lokela ho ba ho X ° C. le ho Y ° C.
Peo e lahleha kapele ho mela. Ho jala ho etsoa ka mor'a kotulo bohareng ba lehlabula.
Delphinium, kapa Larkpur, kapa Spur (Delphinium) Stratification lehlabatheng e hlokahala ka mocheso oa 5 ... 6 ° C ho tloha libeke tse peli ho isa ho 1 khoeli. Mocheso o nepahetseng bakeng la tsoele pele ho peo ke 10-15 ° C
Bell (Campanula) Stratification lehlabatheng e hlokahala ka mocheso oa 1 ... 5 ° C. E jala nakong ea selemo, lipeo ka 10-15 ° C
Clematis, kapa Clematis (Clematis) Mefuta e meng: Clematis Drummond, Clematis e tukang, Clematis e lla, Clematis ligustifolia. Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli:
- Stratization lehlabatheng kapa peat ka 0 ... 5 ° С - likhoeli tse 2-3
- Ho mela 20/30 ° C * - likhoeli tse 1-2
Ho mela ha peo ha ho tšoane.
Cohosh e sootho, kapa Klopogon tloaelehileng (Actaea cimicifuga) Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli:
- 20 ° C - likhoeli tse 2-3
- 4 ° C - likhoeli tse 2-3
Ho mela ka 12 ° C.
Peonies (Paeonia) Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli.
Peony dodgingkapa Peony e makatsang, kapa motso oa Peony Maryin (Paeonia anomala).
- 18/30 ° С * - Khoeli e 1
- 5 ... 7 ° C - likhoeli tse 3.5
Milky peony (Paeonia lactiflora).
- 18/30 ° C * - likhoeli tse 1.5
- 5 ... 7 ° C - likhoeli tse 2-3.
Makhasi a lekhasi (Paeonia tenuifolia).
- 12/30 ° С * - likhoeli tse 4
- 5 ° C - likhoeli tse 1.5
Phlox (Phlox) Mefuta e meng: Adhlo Phlox, Douglas Phlox, Alox Phlox. Stratification lehlabatheng e hlokahala ho 1 ... 5 ° C - likhoeli tse 2-4. Mocheso o nepahetseng oa peo ea peo ke 5-12 ° C.
Sebete, kapa coppice (Hepatatica) Ho hlokahala mehato e 'meli.
- 18-20 ° C - Khoeli e le 1
- 12 ° C - likhoeli tse 3.5
Peo e nang le kokoana-hloko e tsoetseng pele e mela feela ka 12 ° C.
Tlhokomeliso: Lethathamo le kaholimo le tlatselletsoa le ho fetoloa. Re emetse maikutlo a hau le litlatsetso.
Mekhoa ea ho kheloha lapeng
Ts'ireletso e omileng
- Peo e behiloeng bakeng sa stratation li bolaoa pele ho li-disinate. O ka inela lihora tse 0.5 ka tharollo ea 0.5% ea potasiamo potanganum. Ebe u itlotsa ka metsi a mangata ka mocheso oa kamore. Omisa, kenya mekotla ea polasetiki, fana ka lengolo le qaqileng le bonts'ang mofuta, sehlopha le letsatsi leo a lokelang ho theoha ka lona. Beha mekotla mokatong o kaholimo oa sehatsetsi kapa ka phapusing e nang le mocheso oa 0 - + 3-4ºº pele o jala fatše.
- Ho bolaetsoe lipeo, lipeo tse omisitsoeng ka lesela kapa mekotla ea polasetiki li kenngoa ka mokotleng oa polasetiki, koala ka thata sekwahelo ebe o tiisa ka teipi. Sephutheloana se lokiselitsoeng se patoa ka lehloa pele se qhibiliha. Ha mocheso o qala, o isoa kamoreng e tlase kapa ka sehatsetsing se tlase sa sehatsetsi pele o jala.
Stratification in Khabhathi Stalks
Mokhoa o motle bakeng sa stratation e batang lapeng.
Arola makhapetla a hop a morao ho lihlooho. Re khaola metso. Bakeng sa kutu, tlosa konokono. Sesebelisoa se hlahisoang se tlatsitsoe ka lisebelisoa tsa peo. Koala ka thata-thata 'me u tiise ka thaipi e khomarelang sekoahelo sa masalla a kutu. Re cheka "lehe le lenyane" ka peo (joalo ka bo-nkhono le bo-ntate-moholo ba nang le lichelete tsa khauta) mobung ka kotloloho ho lesoba le tebileng le khubung ea kharafu. Re robala kaholimo. Re beha letšoao la linomoro, 'me ka daekthareng ea palo ea eona re ngola tlhahisoleseling ka peo, re supa mofuta le moetlo oa mefuta, nako ea ho beha le ho fela ha stratization. Nakong ea selemo, ha karolo e kaholimo ea mobu e futhumatsoa ka mocheso o hlokahalang bakeng sa lijalo, re cheka kutu le peo ebe re e jala betheng e lokiselitsoeng.
Matlafatso ea peo ea mapaanane a 'mapa.
Methapo e mengata.
- Ho rekisa. Re lokisa lijana ka substrate, eo e ka bang noka e kholo ea metsi a hlatsoitsoeng, seretse se bolileng, peat, moss. Ho bohlokoa haholo hore lipeo li hlatsuoe ka botlalo ho masala a manyolo, a tšilafatsoe le ho omisoa. Tlatsa 2/3 ea bokhoni ka substrate e mongobo. Re beha lipeo tse lokiselitsoeng ebe re koahela ka substrate holimo. Substrate ka nako e ts'oanang le ea moisturizing e lokela ho phekoloa ho tsoa ts'oaetsong ea fungal e nang le e 'ngoe ea biofungicides: trichodermin, phytosporin, alirin-B le ba bang. Mekhoa ea ho sebetsa hangata e bontšoa ka har'a sephutheloana. Ho khona ho koaloa ka sekoaelo, se kenngoeng ka mokotleng oa polasetiki ho boloka mongobo. Lijana tse pakiloeng li beoa ka sehatsetsing se ka tlase sa sehatsetsi. Mocheso o lokela ho ba pakeng tsa + 3- + 4ºС. Ka mokhoa ona oa polokelo, qetellong ea nako ea stratation, lipakete li fetisetsoa maemong a nang le lithemparetjha tse fokotsehileng ho fihla ho + 1 * С. Ntle le moo, lijana li hlahlojoa nako le nako ho lekola boemo ba peo mme, ha ho hlokahala, li nolofatse substrate.
- Stratization meqolong ea lesela. Ka marikhoe a lesela la tlholeho le bophara ba cm cm 10 le bolelele ba 30-35 cm, re rala karolo e tšesaane ea boea ba moss kapa pamba. Jala lipeo ka bonolo. Re koba likarolo tse telele tsa lesela, le tla koahela peo ho tloha holimo, 'me le phethe moqolo. Re e tlamisa, e e theole ka metsing ho fepa mongobo. Fafatsa ka bonolo metsi a mangata. Re tšela moqolo ka mokotleng oa polasetiki ebe re o beha mokatong o ka tlase oa sehatsetsi. Rolo e ngoe le e ngoe e fanoa ka lengolo kapa nomoro, 'me serapeng sa lipalesa ho hlalosoa ka mokhoa o qaqileng (bona ka holimo). Nakong ea stratation, meqolo e hlahlojoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng bakeng sa mongobo. Re laola maemo a peo. Haeba tšoaetso ea fungal e fumanoe, lipeo li hlatsuoa, li bolaoa lithethefatsi, li omisitsoe, 'me ts'ebetso eohle ea ho beha bakeng sa stratization linthong tse ncha e phetoa.
Ho jala mariha
Lijalo tse ling li jaloa ebe li lenngoe hoetla (ho jala mariha) mobung, moo li kenang tlasa maemo a tlhaho (konofolo ea mariha, botala, mefuta e fapaneng ea salads).
Ntle le tse hlalositsoeng, ho na le mekhoa e meng ea ho kenyelletsa peo. Hopola! Stratification e tla u pholosa mahlomoleng a selemo a amanang le lipeo tse tlase kapa esita le ho ba sieo ha bona.
