Hogweed - limela tse arohaneng haholo le tse fapaneng. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li -gwegwe e holisoa e le limela tsa mekhabiso, tse ling e le silage bakeng sa lijo tsa liphoofolo, tse ling li loketse tšebeliso ea batho. Mashomeng a morao tjena a lilemo, likhomo tsa likhomo li se li boletsoe feela e le likokoanyana.
Hogweed (Heracleum) ke mofuta oa limela ka lelapeng la Umbrella, ka mefuta e ka bang 60-70 e hasaneng tikolohong e futhumetseng ea Hemisphere ea Kapa Bochabela (mofuta o le mong Amerika Leboea). Mefuta e meng e na le lintho tse etsang hore li-photosensitizing (furanocoumarins) li hlahise ho chesoa ha litšoantšo ho batho le liphoofolo tse anyesang haholo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, hogweed ke monya o matla oa khabone le carbon monoxide e matla le e hlahisang oksijene.
Hogweed of Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi). © Hugo.argTlhaloso
Hogweed - haholo-holo e nang le limela tse ngata tse sa tloaelehang. E hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng e nyolohela bophahamong bo fapaneng - ho tloha 20-50 cm ho isa 250 cm; ha e le molao, li na letho, li na le "pubescence" kapa "pubescent" tse fumanehang ka bolelele bohle (mefuta e ka leboea).
Makhasi a bokelloa ka rosette ea basal, ea bolelele bo bolelele, e kholo haholo; e ka ba ternary, ternary habeli kapa pina e arohaneng, ka likarolo tsa libopeho tse fapaneng.
Lipalesa li nyane, li tšoeu, ha li na 'mala o moputsoa kapa' mala o mopinki, li bokelloa ka likhele tse rarahaneng ho fihlela ho 40 cm. Mefuta e mengata e thunya ka Phuptjane, empa lipalesa ka mefuta e fapaneng e tsoela pele ho fihlela Phupu - Phato.
Tholoana ke peo e nang le peo tse peli tsa mofuta o ikhethileng o bitsoang ovule. Peo e butsoa ka Phupu - Loetse, e tla putlama habonolo.
Hogweed ke limela tsa monocarpic, ka mantsoe a mang, ba thunya hanngoe feela bophelong 'me ba shoa ka mor'a ho butsoa.
Ovocryceum ea tse tloaelehileng hogweed. © Anne BurgessMefuta e ka bang 40 e hola Russia le linaheng tsa CIS. Karolong ea Europe ea Russia, Siberia Bophirima le Kazakhstan e atile Siberian hogweed (Heracleum sibiricum).
Mabapi le temo Hogweed Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi) e le moetlo oa silage, e ile ea ata, butle-butle ea leba naheng, ea jala mabopo a matamo, libaka tse se nang batho, litselana tse nepahetseng tsa 'mila, likarolo tse sa sebetseng tsa masimo. Kahoo, ho ata ka sekhahla ha hogweed ho ile ha senya tekano ea tikoloho mme ea eba bothata bo tebileng linaheng tsa Europe. Jeremane, Rephabliking ea Czech, linaha tsa Scandinavia, Estonia, Belarus, ho na le mananeo a mmuso le a sechaba ho loants'a hogweed.
Naheng ea Russia, libaka tse ka leboea, leboea-bophirima le tse bohareng li na le bothata bo boholo ho hasaneng ha hogweed. Ts'oaetso ke seoa, 'me ketso e nkang qeto ea ho e thibela e sa nkuoe ka nako, e ileng ea lebisa ho bongata ba liphoofolo tse hlaha ka mofoka ona, o kotsi ho batho le liphoofolo.
Sehlooho le Nalane
Ka Serussia, mehleng ea khale, hogweed e ne e bitsoa "borsch". Khale-khale, lentsoe lena le ne le bolela ho hong ho makatsang. Ho latela mofuta o mong, lebitso lena le fuoe semela bakeng sa sebopeho sa makhasi. Ka Sejeremane, Dutch le Danish, hogweed e bitsoa "bere paw".
Meroho e nyane ea limela tse ling tsa mofuta ona (haholo-holo li-hogweed tsa Siberi) li ne li sebelisetsoa ho pheha lijana, tseo ka lebaka lena li neng li bitsoa "borsch". Ntle le hogweed, lijana tse joalo li ne li kenyelletsa meroho, 'me hogweed e ile ea batla e felisoa ke nako. Ho tloha lekholong la bo18 la lilemo, "borsch" e se e bolela sopho ea li-beetroot, 'me semela ka boeona ka puo ea puo e qalile ho bitsoa "hogweed".
Inflorescence of Siberian hogweed (Heracleum sibiricum). © KenraizLebitso la Latin Latin Heracleum le tsoa lebitsong la mohale oa litšōmo tsa khale tsa Greek Greek, mme o ile a fanoa ke Linnaeus bakeng sa gigantic (ha ho bapisoa le likhele tse ling) tsa limela tsa mofuta ona, hammoho le lebelo le phahameng la letlobo.
Ho senyeha ha letlalo ho hogweed
Nakong ea selemo se ntseng se hola, li-furocoumarins tse sebetsang ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, lintho tse eketsang matla a kutlo a mmele ho radiation ea ultraviolet, li bokellana likarolong tse fapaneng tsa semela sa hogweed (makhasi, makala, litholoana tsa mefuta e mengata). Li-hogweed li baka ho chesoa ho hoholo ka letsohong ka matsatsi a hlakileng a letsatsi. Empa bakeng sa ho chesoa, ho lekane ho pepesetsoa letsatsi le le khuts'oane le le bobebe sebakeng sa letlalo le nang le lero la semela. Ho ikopanya ha bona le letlalo ho lebisa ho dermatitis e tebileng, e sebetsa joalo ka ho chesoa.
Ke boteng ba li-coumarin le furocoumarin ka lero la hogweed tse eketsang maikutlo a mmele ho lemoha khanya ea khanya ea letsatsi, hape ke "bobe" bo ka sehloohong ba limela tsena. Lero le kenang letlalong tlas'a tšusumetso ea khanya ea letsatsi (khanya ea ultraviolet) le khona ho ntlafatsa letlalo la batho le liphoofolo le ho baka dermatitis, eo hangata e bitsoang "ho cha."
E le molao, ho chesoa ha tekanyo ea bobeli (lithutsoana tse nang le metsi) ho hlaha libakeng tse amehileng tsa letlalo. Nako ea pontšo ea ho chesa ke ho tloha lihora tse 'maloa ho isa matsatsing a' maloa. Kotsi e khethehileng ke hore ho ama semela ka lekhetlo la pele ha ho ferekane.
Hangata, dermatitis e tsoang ho keneng lero la hogweed letlalong e hlahisoa ke lithutsoana, li nkeloe sebaka ke matheba a lefifi, a nyamelang kamora likhoeli tse 3-6. Ka liso tsa bohlokoa tsa letlalo, li-relaps tsa matheba a sootho letlalong kamora ho chesa li ka khonahala kamora selemo ho hlahisa letsatsi le lecha.
Hogweed lero la mahlo le ka lebisa bofofu. Ho bile le maemo a ho lahleheloa ke pono ho bana ba neng ba bapala ka lithupa tsa semela tse se nang letho ka mokhoa oa li-teleskopu. Haeba lero la hogweed le ama karolo ea 80% kapa ho feta ea 'mele oa motho, joale sena se ka lebisa lefung.
Chesa ke ho kopana le Borschevik Sosnowski. © Ivo KruusamägiSebopeho sa Photodynamic (photosensitizing) sa furocoumarins ha se bonahale feela ka ho kopana ha bona le letlalo, empa le ho kenella ha lithethefatsi. Ka tšusumetso ena ea li-coumarins, ho entsoe litlolo tse ngata le likhaba tsa ho sesa hammoho le lithethefatsi bakeng sa kalafo ea vitiligo.
Mekhoa ea ho sebetsana le ho rekisa lipere
1.Koa lipalesa nakong ea lipalesa le qaleho ea lipalesa
Ena ke eona tsela e atlehang ka ho fetisisa ea ho timetsa hogweed libakeng tse nyane. Empa hape ke e 'ngoe ea tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa - ho bonolo ho fafatsa ka lero la limela le ho fumana li-dermatoses tse matla likarolong tse fapaneng tsa' mele.
Ha o faella litho tsa ka tlung ka morara, ho bohlokoa ho khaola feela lipalesa, lipalesa, kapa litholoana tse nyane tse tala, tse sa ntlafatsoang. Kahoo o hloka ho fokotsa sekhele sa bohareng le likhele tsa pele-pele. Likhele tsa taelo ea bobeli le e latelang, haeba li entsoe, li ka khaoloa tlasa motheo oa sekhele sena. Ho etsa sena, sekhele se koaetsoe ka tlase ka letsoho le sirelelitsoeng (le lefifi) mme lipalesa feela li khaotsoe.
Hogweed of Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi). © KenraizBoloka melao ea ts'ireletso ka tieo, e le hore lero la hogweed kapa phoka le lero le qhibilihileng ho lona ho tsoa ho limela li se ke tsa oela feela likarolong tse sa sirelehang tsa 'mele, empa hape le liaparo tse sa metsi.
Haeba linako tsa ho khaola lipalesa, lipalesa tsa hogwe ka letsoho li se li hlotsoe, 'me lijalo tsohle li pepesitsoe feela, o hloka ho lekola ka hloko hore likhele tse ncha ha li hlahe metsong ea rosette ea basal. Hang ha semela se fana ka likhele tse ncha, 'me lipalesa tse ho tsona li theha mae a bomme, sena se bolela hore ho tla ba le moloko o mocha oa peo o lekaneng ho khutlisa lits'oants'o tsa semela sena.
2. Ho chesa
Mokhoa o sebetsang haholo oa ho senya peo e nang le li -gwegwe hantle nakong ea kholo ea tsona. Ho bohlokoa hore o se fose motsotso oa ketsahalo. Ho molemo ho e etsa pele ho kotuloa ka botlalo ha litholoana sekheleng se seholo, se seholo.
Mokhoa ona o hloka tlhokomelo le bonnete ka botlalo. Pele o chesa, o ka hlatsoa lijalo ka mokelikeli o belang (e le hore ke likhele tse nang le litholoana tse kolobisitsoeng). Nakong ea ho chesa likhele, ho bohlokoa ho ela hloko mehato eohle ea ts'ireletso - haele hantle, oli ea bohlokoa e ka tukang e tla totobala ho litholoana tsa patnow ea likhomo.
Ho bohlokoa ho latela polokeho ea mollo, 'me u leke ho se lumelle lero la limela hore le fihle libakeng tse bulehileng tsa' mele le liaparo.
3. Phekolo ea limela
Ho a khonahala ho sebelisa mefuta e fapaneng ea limela tse bolaeang limela: li-roundup, sefefo sa marang-rang, li-subsap, jj. Nako ea ts'ebetso e tsoa ho qaleho ea kholo ea hogweed, le kamehla pele e thunya. Phekolo ea limela le li-herbicides ho tloha qalong ea kholo ea peo e se e sa sebetse.
Phekolo ea khafetsa le e matla e tla sebetsa bakeng sa limela tse hlahisang, ho tloha nakong eo sethunya se ikatisang se hlahang le ho fihlela feela lipalesa li qala. Linakong tse ling tsa bophelo ba hogweed, ntle le limela tsa limela tse nyane, kalafo e nang le litlhare e ke ke ea fana ka phello e kholo. Bakeng sa limela tse monocarpic kamora ho thunthung li ipolaea, ntle le ts'ebeliso ea litlhare.
Melemo (herbicides) ea litlhare tse sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa ho phekola likhomo tsa likhomo e lokela ho ba makhetlo a mabeli kapa a mararo ho tsoa ho tse boletsoeng ho litaelo tsa mofuta o lumellanang oa litlhare. Tšusumetso e ka fumaneha ka mekhoa e 'meli e phekolang e nang le phomolo pakeng tsa matsatsi a 15-20.
Ha o phekola hogweed ka litlhare, ho hlokahala ho etsa bonnete ba hore moriana o oela eseng holim'a lekhasi feela, empa hape o phalla le li-petioles ka har'a lekhasi le hlahang; 'me ka bonolo fafatsa setlama sa litlama ka sekhahla sa tlhahiso le li-inflorescence (likhele, haeba li ntlafalitsoe ke nako ea kalafo).
Leha ho le joalo, liteko li hlokahala ho lekola litlamorao tse joalo eseng feela ho lijalo tse oeleng, empa le ho tlhaho e potileng (ka mefuta e meng e amanang le eona, likokoanyaneng, liphoofolo tse nyane, joalo-joalo).
4. Mehato ea Agrotechnical
Haeba ho lema ho ka khoneha, joale e lokela ho etsoa hangata ka nako ea ho hola. Ho lema pele ho lokela ho etsoa nakoana kamora motsotso oa ho kena saeteng.
Ho molemo ho theola metso e lootsoeng u sebelisa li-cutter tsa lifofane. Botebo ba ts'ebetso boteng ke cm cm 5-10. Ho bohlokoa ho khaola sebaka sa kholo ea likhomo tsa likhomo (li tšoauoa ka geotropism - ho tebisa ntlha ea kholo ka tlase ho bophahamo ba mobu), eo lijalo li e hulang ka cm cm kapa esita le cm cm 7. Botebo ba sebaka sa lesea bo itšetlehile ka mofuta oa mobu, maemo a leholimo a sebaka seo.
Maemong a limela li hola ho tloha metsong ka mor'a ho lema ka lekhetlo la pele, ho bohlokoa ho etsa kalafo ea bobeli ho fihlela makhasi a se a bulehile mme inflorescence e tlisoa holimo.
Bakeng sa ts'enyeho e felletseng ea limela tsohle tse nang le lihlahla, ho lema ho tla hloka ho etsoa lilemo tse 'maloa (ho latela ho koaloa ha sebaka ka peo) - ho tloha ho lilemo tse 2-3 ho isa ho tse 5-7.
Hoetla, ho lema libakeng tse holisitsoeng ka likhomo tsa likhomo ha hoa lokela ho etsoa. Bakeng sa sena se tla kenya letsoho ho bokelleng ha peo mobung, ebe ho felisoa ha likhomo tsa likhomo ho tla nka lilemo tse ling tse ngata.
5. Tsela ea motho ka mong
Mathoasong a selemo, hang ha limela li qala ho hola, ke nako ea ho tsamaea le kharafu ea bayonet ho senya likhomo tsa khomo. Ho bohlokoa haholo ho ba le sesebelisoa sa shancer se bohale (se bohale).
Hoa hlokahala ho khaola, ho fokotsa ntlha ea kholo ea hogweed tlasa molala oa metso. Haeba u fokotsa ka holimo, ka nako eo motso oa semela o tla sala o na le lipalesa tse 'maloa tsa makhapetla a makhasi - ebe a tla hola ebe o fana ka peo. Ho beoa le nts'etsopele ea mechini e hlahisang likhomo tsa likhomo li etsahala, haholo-holo libakeng tse ka leboea tsa naha, selemong sa limela.
Letlobo le lenyenyane la selemo le selemo la hogweed le ka senngoa habonolo ka ho tlosa lehola le ho lema hangata.
Metsoako ea Hogweed e ka hlaha eseng feela nakong ea selemo, empa hape le nakong ea lehlabula (ka lebaka la boleng bo phahameng ba peo). Ka hona, ho tlosa lehola ho lokela ho phetoa khafetsa libeke tse ling le tse ling tse 3-4, ho tloha nakong ea hagwe ho hola. Ho bohlokoa ho thibela lipalesa tsa limela tse ncha.
The inflorescence of the hogweed Sosnowski © Ummagumma6. Tšebeliso ea babuelli
Libakeng tseo tšenyo ea likhomo tsa likhomo e etselitsoeng teng, hoa khonahala ho hlahisa mefuta e mecha ea semela e ka sebelisetsoang ho khutlisa mobu. Maemong ana, lijo-thollo tse holang ka potlako le tse hlahisang litholoana tse ngata (mohlala, li-rumps) kapa li-legumes (poli kapa galega) li ka kenngoa masimong.
Joalo ka khetho, ho lema haholo lijalo tsa mela (ka mohlala, litapole) ho tlosa li-hogwee libakeng.
Ho lema ka matla, ho cheka khafetsa ke tsela ea ho senya lipeo tsa likhomo tsa likhomo, ho fokotseha ho matla ha peo le peo tsa peo e ncha.
7. Ho bokolla
Ena ke tsela e atlehang ea ho senya hogweed feela ha feela maemo a ka etsoa pele limela li tsoa "ka hara tube", i.e. haholo pele lipalesa li hogweed. Le pele ho feta libeke tse 3-4 kamora ho kotula hoa pele. Mokhoa ona oa hlokahala ho senya letlobo le TSOHLE la li-hogweed, le nang le li-inflorescence, hape, ka lebaka leo, lipalesa. Ho bohlokoa ho se tlohelle khomo ea peo ea patnip hore lipalesa tse ncha li se ke tsa theha.
'Me haeba ho kuta li-hogweeds hanngoe feela bohareng ba lipalesa - sena se tla kenya letsoho kholisong e eketsehileng ea limela.
Se ke keng sa etsoa, se senya lits'oants'o tsa likhomo tsa likhomo
1. U ke ke ua cheha hogweed qetellong ea lipalesa le qalong ea litholoana tse behiloeng. Hobane e ke ke ea ba le phello e lakatsehang, ntle le haeba lijalo tse halikiloeng li ka timetsoa hang hang ka mor'a ho rengoa.
Li-parsnips tse halikiloeng tsa likhomo li lokela ho kenngoa qubu hang-hang ebe li chesoa. Mohlomong litholoana tsa limela li ka senngoa feela ka ho chesa kapa ka tsela e 'ngoe e tšoanang le e theko e tlaase.
U ke ke ua siea likhaba tsa likhomo tse halikiloeng li kentsoe sebakeng sa tsona. Ntle le moo, letlobo le hlahisoang la hogweed le na le phepelo e ngata ea kutu limeleng - e lekane ho lumella lipeo tse butsoitseng hore li butsoe ka sekhele se seholo sa semela se oeleng. Le peo e butsoitsoeng e fihletseng mohatong oa boka ba linku e ka fa limela limela tse ncha bophelo.
3. Ho kotula ha li-parsnips tsa khomo ka nako ea ho tšolla peo ea limela ha hoa lokela ho lumelloa. Bakeng sa hona ho tla lebisa ho ho phatloha ho hoholo hoa ba utsoitsoeng.
Haeba u khaola likhele tsa semela ha litholoana li se li se li le holim 'a tsona,' me haholo-holo u li etsa ka moea o fokang, sena se tla thusa ho jala peo libakeng tse ncha.
4. O seke oa sithabetsoa kapa ho ba le likarolo tse sa sireletsehang tsa 'mele ha o ntse o sebetsa ka likhomo tsa likhomo. Molemong oa ho roala liaparo tse se nang metsi, kaha lero la limela, le kenelle ka har'a liaparo, le ama 'mele' me le kenella ka ho lona. Jusi ea Hogweed e sa hlatsuoang 'meleng motšehare ha letsatsi le chaba (ultraviolet) e pepesetsoa libaka tsena e tla lebisa ho thehoeng ha dermatitis ka mofuta oa ho chesa.
Thuso ea pele bakeng sa ho chesoa
Haeba, ntoeng khahlanong le hogweed, 'mele o kopane le lero la semela, ho a hlokahala.
- haeba ho khonahala, hlakola letlalo le amehileng ka sesepa e ngata metsing kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
- rinse (rinse, not hlakola) likarolo tse amehang tsa mmele ka mokelikeli o nang le joala (cologne, vodka, joala).
Haeba ho chesoa ke lero la hogweed, libaka tse amehang li lokela ho phekoloa.
- sodium usninate on fir balsame;
- liniment synthomycin.
Se ke oa sebelisa moaparo o mong le o mong. Etsa lintho tsohle tse tloaelo e behiloeng molemong oa ho chesa letlalo.
Bakeng sa ho cha haholo, batla bongaka.
Kopo
Semela se na le li-alkaloids, furocoumarins, oli ea bohlokoa, tsoekere, protheine, li-resor, ascorbic acid, carotene, tannins, arginine le likarolo tsa mohlala.
Leha ho na le monko o mongata oa mefuta ea limela tse ngata, makhasi, makala le makala a manyane a mefuta e mengata ea likhomo tsa likhomo - haholoholo Siberian hogweed (Heracleum sibiricum) - e jeoang ka foromo e sa tsoakoang, e letsoai le e thonakiloeng, e sebeletsa e le ho natetsoa sopho. Li-stems tse nyane tse nang le lipalesa (tse seng li sa hlahisoa) li sebelisoa ka foromo ea letsoai (e halikiloeng ka metsi a belang), hape e halikiloe ka oli ka phofo. Litutu tse e-so be le nako ea ho thatafatsa li jeoa li le tala.
Hairy Hogweed (Heracleum villosum) e a jeoa joaloka senoko; e boetse e sebelisoa ho hlahiseng chisi e khethiloeng Caucasus.
E loketse lijalo tse nyenyane tsa mehlape tloaelehileng hogweed (Heracleum sphondylium).
Hogweed of Sosnowski (Heracleum sosnowskyi) e hlahisitsoe moetlong qetellong ea 40s ea lekholo la XX e le semela se fanang ka chai e ngata (haholo-holo silage). Borschovik ea Sosnovsky e tšoauoa ka tlhahiso e phahameng - barekisi ba fetang 2500 ka hektare le dikahare tse ngata tsa tsoekere - ho fihla ho 3% ea boima bo bocha.
Mefuta e meng, ho etsa mohlala. Hogweed Mantegazzi (Heracleum mantegazzianum) le tse ling li mekhabiso.
Hogweed Mantegazzi (Heracleum mantegazzianum) © FarbenfreudeLibakeng tse ling, makhasi a manyane a ntseng a hola a sebelisetsoa ho eketsa sopho ea meroho kapa ea nama. Hape, letlobo le lecha le ntseng le hola la hogweed le ne le nkuoa, le natsuoa, ho etsoa litholoana tse halikiloeng makhasi, makhasi a omisitsoeng, a belisitsoeng pele kapa a belisitsoe ho tlosa metsoako ea oli le coumarin. Metso e nang le tsoekere e nang le tsoekere e ne e sebelisetsoa ho hlahisa tsoekere le ho khanna vodka.
Libakeng tse ling tsa Caucasus, likhomo tsa likhomo li ratoa haholo lijong tsa batho le liphoofolo.
Meleng ea setso, decoction ea metso e sebelisoa e le mokhoa oa ho phekola sethoathoa, ho tsukutloa, mafu a fapa-fapaneng a methapo le letlalo, a tsamaeang le ho hlohlona. Ho kenella ha setlama sa limela - joalo ka sethibela-mafu se hlasimollang takatso ea mala le mala, mathata a tšilo ea lijo, lets'ollo, lets'ollo (likhaba tse 5 tsa motso o khaotsoeng li kenelletsoa ka likhaba tse 2 tsa metsi a belang a phehiloeng ka lihora tse 8 le ho nooa motšeare, kapa likhaba tse tharo tsa setlama li tlotsoa 2 lihora ka likhalase tse peli tsa metsi a belisitsoeng le lino ka makhetlo a 4 a arotsoeng). Lirosa tse tsoang makhasi a macha a semela li sebelisetsoa bohloko bo kopaneng ba rheumatic.
Ka moriana oa Tibetan, metso ea semela se bitsoang "bruzza" ke karolo ea litlatsetso tsa bongaka bakeng sa kalafo ea lefu la gallstone le lefu la liphio, mme decoction ea tholoana e tahiloe ka furunculosis.
Methapo ea li-inflorescence tse omileng (tse fetotsoeng) li 'nile tsa sebelisoa ho tloha mehleng ea khale Russia bakeng sa ho etsa seletsa sa' mino sa setso - kalyuki, mofuta oa lekolilo. Hajoale, lithupa tse joalo li boetse li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho etsoa ha lithupa tsa pula (seletsa sa mmino, mofuta oa mofuta oa genus)
U loana le mofoka ka mekhoa efe?
