Likomkomere tse tlotsitsoeng ka molomong oa linotši le karolo e 'ngoe ea tsona ha se bahlolisani; lia thusana. Ka nako e ts'oanang, leha ho le joalo hore ho theoa ha lijalo tse kholo ka mefuta ea peo e phofo, ho hlokahala hore ts'ebetso ea ho tsamaisa peō, likomkomere tse tlotsitsoeng ka linotsi li na le melemo e mengata. Taba ea pele, poone e nyalisitsoeng ea Zelentsy e na le thuso e ngata kaha e na le lebaka la ho theha peo e nang le lintho tse ngata tse sebetsang, livithamini le lik'habohaedreite. Taba ea bobeli, ke likokonate tse hlahisitsoeng ke linotši tse fanang ka lihlahisoa tsa boleng bo holimo ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa salting ea setso, ho fumana likomkomere tse khethiloeng tsa Russia tse seng li atile. Ho feta moo, ho entsoe disampole tse ikhethileng tse kopanyang tatso ea mefuta ea khale le khanyetso e felletseng ea mafu, khatello ea serame, mamello ea moriti, superbeam le litšoaneleho tse ling tse ngata tsa bohlokoa.
Linotši tsa sejoale-joale tse tsamaisitsoeng ka peō ea limela tsa lehlabula tsa khetho ea Agrofirm "Manul" - mofuta oa basali oa lipalesa (li-hybrids tse joalo li hlahisa litholoana tse ngata); bakeng sa peo e phahameng ea boleng bo phahameng, 10-15% ea pollinator e ngoliloe ho bona. Bakeng sa morero ona, k'hamphani ea ho ikatisa le ea peo "Manul" e hlahisitse li-hybrids tse khethehileng tsa pollinating: li-white-spiked F1 Nectar 'me e putsoa F1 Bumblebeee tšoauoa ka nako e telele ea lipalesa tse tona. Cucumber poone e nyalisitsoeng F1 Nectar le F1 Bumblebee ha li fane feela ka peo e phahameng ea limela le lipalesa tse ngata tsa basali, empa tsona ka botsona li hlahisa sejalo sa likomkomere tse nang le litšobotsi tse phahameng tsa ho khetha. Mefuta e nyalisitsoeng F1 Nectar le F1 Bumblebee e kentse letsoho la keketseho ea kotulo ea likomkomere tse tlotsitsoeng ka linotši 'me ka boela ka eketsa thahasello ho tsona.
Li-likomkomere tse nang le polasetiki ea linotsi tse fetotsoeng ka mefuta ea lihlahisoa tsa moruo le moruo li ka aroloa ka lihlopha tse 3.
Bee pollinated hybrids ea lehlabula ea likomkomere tse nang le tlhophiso ea mahe a linotši ka har'a li-node: F1 Alphabet, F1 metsoalle e tšepahalang, F1 Acorn, F1 Motsamaisi, F1 Compass, F1 Teremok, F1 Saltan.
Sehlopha sena se kenyelletsa likhahla tsa linotši tse tsamaisang peo ea lipalesa tse nang le litšobotsi tse phahameng. Limela li mahlahahlaha, li nka li le matla ho tloha ho fokola (F1 Metsoalle ea 'Nete) ho sebetsa (F1 letsoai - poone e nyalisitsoeng e nang le likarolo tse itseng tsa parthenocarpy).
Mefuta ea poone e nyalisitsoeng ea hlabula e hlabula le tse ling ka bongata ba mae a bomme, boholo ba tsona bo boholo, bo u lumellang ho bokella li-ovary tse se nang lerole e le li-pickles tse nyane bakeng sa ho kotula ka har'a linkhoana tse nyane. Node e 'ngoe le e' ngoe, ho tloha ho li-ovary tse 2-3 ho isa ho tse 6 ho ea ho tse 12. Zelentsy 8-12 cm bolelele, boea-bohareng, bo bosoeu kapa bo bosoeu, khafetsa tokiso ea li-tubercles ke karolelano ("mofuta oa Serussia oa Russia"). F1 Motsamaisi le F1 Acorn ba le tšobotsi e ncha ea bohlokoa - ho potlakela ho beha litholoana, ho thibela ho ata ha bona ka kotulo e sa tloaelehang. Karolo ena e bohlokoa bakeng sa libaka tsa indasteri ea khalase, hammoho le bakeng sa balemi ba lirapa ba tlang lirapeng tsa boikhathollo ka mafelo-beke feela. Tsena ke mefuta e tsoetseng pele ea theknoloji e tsoetseng pele e etselitsoeng ho khetha pele (meroho e tloaelehileng) le canning (meroho e tloaelehileng le e khethiloeng).
F1 ABC
Mofuta oa peo e phallang peō ea mofuta oa peo e nyalisitsoeng e le sebaka se bulehileng le se sirelelitsoeng. E kenya litholoana ka letsatsi la 39-42 ho tloha tsoele pele ho mela. Lekala ke karolelano kapa ka tlase ho karolelano. Li-node, ho tloha ho 2-4 ho isa ho 6-10 mae a bomme li thehoa. Zelentsy tuberous (mokelikeli oa tlhophiso ea li-tubercles ke karolelano), e-spiked, e-oval-cylindrical ka sebopeho, bolelele ba 8-11 cm, bophara ba 3,3,5,5 cm, boima ba 90-115 g. E etselitsoe ho kha monokotšoai, hammoho le likhalase tse nyane ka har'a linkhoana. Ha e hanyetse blotch ea mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, hlobo tsa phofo, li mamella mofuta oa hlobo o fokang. 10,5% ea pollinator e jaloa ho lebasetere. Ho lema lera mobung o bulehileng ke limela tse 3-5 / m2, libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa limela tse 2,5 ho isa ho m2.
F1 Metsoalle ea 'nete
Mofuta oa lipalesa oa lipalesa tse tummeng, tse neng li le haufi haholo le pejana li ne li entsoe ka mofuta oa lipalesa tse bulehileng bakeng sa lipalesa tse bulehileng. E beha litholoana ka letsatsi la 37-39 ho tloha tsoele pele ho mela. Ho li-node, ho tloha ho 2-3 ho isa ho 5-8 kapa mahe a mangata a mahe a thehoa. Ha e bate mariha. Lekala ha le na matla, le ka nolofatsang tlhokomelo ea limela. E tšoauoa ka fruiting e ngata maemong ohle a hola. Zelentsy tuberous, e-spiked e ntsho, e oval-cylindrical ka sebopeho, bolelele ba 8-10 cm. Ho salting le palatability li phahame haholo. Ha e kenngoe ke mariha, e hanyetsanang le blotch ea mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere e mamelloa ho hlobo le hlobo.
F1 Acorn
Kotuloa ea mofuta oa mohloa o kotulitsoeng ea mofuta oa gherkin bakeng sa mobu o bulehileng le o sirelelitsoeng. E reheletsoe li-greris tsa crispy meroho e phahameng ea maemo a holimo. Limela ke tsa mofuta oa lipalesa tsa basali, lekala le na le moeli (makala a morao a khuts'oane, mofuta o ikhethileng). Li-node, ho tloha ho li-ovary tse 2-3 ho isa ho tse 12 li thehoa. F1 Acorn - Mofuta o nyalisitsoeng o hola butle litholoana, tseo ka lebaka lena li fokolisitsoeng ha li tsoe ka kotulo e sa tloaelehang. E etselitsoe ho kha monokotšoai, hammoho le likhalase tse nyane ka har'a linkhoana. Zelentsy li bosootho bo bosehla bo botala bo bosootho bo botala bo botala bo bolelele, 8 cm cm; leqhubu la libaka tsa li-tubercles ke karolelano. Ho hanela lero la mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, e mamellang mofuta oa phofshoana le hlobo.
F1 Teremok
Mofuta oa mofuta oa mohloa o fanang ka litlolo tse phahameng o tlotsitsoeng hamonate oa mofuta oa gherkin bakeng sa mobu o bulehileng le o sirelelitsoeng. Lijalo tse thunyang tsa basali, li makala tse bohareng kapa tse tlase ho feta tse tloaelehileng. Zelentsy e boreleli, e putsoa ka boea, e bolelele ba 8-12 cm, ea ho hlohlona haholo ebile e boreleli. Ka node, foromo ea mahe a mahe a 3-4 ho isa ho isa ho 6-9. E etselitsoe ho kha monokotšoai, hammoho le likhalase tse nyane ka har'a linkhoana. Ha e hanyetse blotch ea mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, hlobo tsa phofo, li mamella mofuta oa hlobo o fokang.
Linate tse tlotsitsoeng ka lehlabula li tsamaisitse peo ka bongata ka nako e le 'ngoe ka lijalo tse ngata tsa semela se holima semela: F1 Sehoai, F1 Lord, F1 Maisky.
Tsena ke mefuta e nyalisitsoeng e tlatsitsoeng ke linotši ka mofuta oa mobu o bulehileng le o sirelelitsoeng. Ka lebaka la sistimi e matla ea metso, ho bata ho bata, kholo e ntle ea letlobo le morao, li beha litholoana ka mafolofolo ho fihlela hoetla. Zelentsy o na le monko o monate le tatso e phahameng. Tsena ke mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ea basali kapa lipalesa tse tšehali ka mokhoa o joalo, ka hona ba kenyelletsoa ka karolo ea 10-15%.
F1 Molemi
Mofuta oa mofuta oa lipalesa tse tlotsitsoeng ke linotši ka mokhoa oa mofuta oa lipalesa tse tšehali kapa tse tšehali. E etselitsoe libaka tse bulehileng, li-greenhouse tsa selemo, likotopo. Lekala le mahareng kapa kaholimo ka karolelano. Ka node, ho thehoa mahe a 1-2. Zelentsy e koahetsoe, e bosoeu-ba bokhubelu, bolelele ba 10 cm, e botenya, e boreleli; Litšoaneleho tse makatsang le tse khanyang li phahame haholo. Khōlo e matla ea limela, motsoako o matla oa motso, kholo e sebetsang ea letlobo le morao, le kopantsoeng le ho bata le ho hanyetsa mafu ka botlalo, li baka litholoana tse telele tsa nako e telele ho fihlela lihlabula tsa hoetla. Sebaka se nyalisitsoeng se loants'oa ke phofshoana e nang le phofshoana, mahlaka a mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, e mamellehang ho fihlela hlobo e fokola.
F1 Morena
Kotuloa poone e nyalisitsoeng e bohareng ba selemo ba mofuta oa lipalesa tse tšehali haholo kapa tse tšehali. E holile ka mokhoa o phallang nakong ea selemo le selemo e le phethoang libakeng tse bulehileng le tse sirelelitsoeng. Lekala le mahareng kapa kaholimo ka karolelano. Karolo e khethollang ea lebasetere ke ho hola ho hoholo ha lebese le ho hlaha ka potlako ha letlapa le lehlakoreng, moo kholo ea teng e nang le tlhoro ea litholoana tse telele. Ho hanyetsa ho bata le ho jala ha limela ho mafu a phyto-kenya letsoho ho hlahiseng tlhahiso e phahameng mme qetellong ea Phato - Loetse - maemong a sa thabiseng bakeng sa mefuta e mengata. Ka node, ho thehoa mahe a 1-2. Zelentsy 'mala o motle o botala bo botala bo bosehla bo bosoeu bo bofubelu bo bolelele, bolelele ba 10-12 cm; pickling, canning le tatso li phahame haholo. Sebaka se nyalisitsoeng se loants'oa ke phofshoana e nang le phofshoana, mahlaka a mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, e mamellehang ho fihlela hlobo e fokola.
Li-salad tse tummeng tse mamellang seratsoana tse mamellang mefuta e meng ea mariha ea selemo-ea selemo ea mofuta oa mofuta oa mofuta oa Relay: F1 Relay, Li-Olimpiki tsa F1, F1 Manul, F1 Marathon, F1 Ladoga, Mabone a F1 Leboea.
Tsena ke likomkomere tse nang le tatso e nkhang hamonate le monko, tse se nang analogues lefatšeng. Mefuta e nyalisitsoeng ke mokhoa oa khale oa likomkomere tsa salate tsa Russia. Bolelele ba li-zelenets ke 15-25 cm, bokaholimo bo koahehileng ka bokhutšoanyane, bo bosehla kapa bo bolelele bo habeli, mokokotlo oa tsamaiso ea li-tubercles o le bohareng, letlalo le tšesaane (mofuta oa salate), nama e lerootho, e nkhang hamonate. Limela li mahlahahlaha, li matla, li mamella moriti, li na le lekala le matla, lehlabula li beha litholoana ka kotloloho maemong a matala le libakeng tse bulehileng. Bakeng sa peo e ntle, poone e nyalisitsoeng e jalitsoe ka 10% ea pollinator (F1 Nectar, F1 Bumblebee). Lilemong tsa morao tjena, F1 Relay, Liolimpiki tsa F1, F1 Manul li tumme haholo har'a balemi ba lirapa le balemi.
Ho sa tsotelehe hore lijalo tsa poone e nyalisitsoeng ea mofuta oa mofuta oa palema qalong ea lipalesa li ka ba le palo e kholo ea lipalesa tse tona, li kanna tsa se lekane ho netefatsa peo ea nako e telele. Lipalesa tse tona li thehoa haholo holima ea mantlha, 'me ka nako ea lipalesa tse kholo tsa letlhare le bohareng ba semela li fetoha "basali". Haeba nakong ea ho hola lipeo kapa kamora ho lema, boemo ba leholimo bo ne bo pholile, polelo ea basali ka har'a limela e ea hola. Ka hona, ho hotle ho jala pollinator ho mefuta e joalo e nyalisitsoeng.
F1 Phokotso
Kotula mahe a linotong a bohareng ba selemo a nyalanya mefuta e mengata ea lipalesa tse tšehali. Lekala lehlabula le matla. Zelentsy 15-20 cm, e telele, e putsoa, e tšoeu ebile e monate haholo. E ekelitse mamello ea moriti, ductility e phahameng ho lintlha tsa tikoloho. Lebasetere le loantšoa le vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, e batlang e le ho bola le ho bola.
F1 Liolimpiki
Mofuta o hlahisang hantle, o motelele o bohareng ba selemo oa mofuta o matla oa ntlafatso o nang le lekala le matla. Zelentsy tuberals e tšoeu e putsoa, e na le tatso e nkhang hamonate le monko, bolelele ba 16-19 cm; bohareng bo boholo, li-tubercles tse kholo. F1 Liolimpiki E na le "plasticity" e phahameng ea tlhaho, e hanana le vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere, mamello le metso ea bola.
F1 Ladoga
Kotula mahe a linotong a bohareng ba selemo a nyalanya mefuta e mengata ea lipalesa tse tšehali. E tšoauoa ka kholo e kholo, e na le menyetla e mengata ea tlhahiso. Zelentsy tube e tšoeu e putsoa, e bolelele ba cm cm, e botala bo botala bo boputsoa bo nang le metsero e telele e bobebe, tatso e sa rateheng le monko. Li-tubercles li kholo, khafetsa tlhophiso ea li-tubercles e lekane. E mahareng ho fihlela lekala le matla. Sebaka se nyalisitsoeng se nang le mocheso o lekaneng o hanyetsanang le ho bona mahlaka a mohloaare le vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere.
F1 Mabone a Leboea
Mofuta o kotulitsoeng o tlotsitsoeng ka linotši ka botala bo botala. Limela li mahlahahlaha ebile li na le makala a matle. Zelentsy e putsoa ka bosoeu, 'me ea ba bolelele ba cm 16- 19. Litholoana tsa mmala o motala o khanyang o nang le mela e telele e telele. Sebaka se nyalisitsoeng se nang le mocheso o mongata o fapaneng, o hanyetsang ho fifala ha mohloaare, vaerase e tloaelehileng ea likomkomere.
Limela tsa likomkomere li ka etsa mefuta e 3 ea lipalesa: lipalesa tsa basali, lipalesa tsa banna, lipalesa tsa hermaphroditic.
Lipalesa tsa basali - kamehla o na le ovary (likomkomere tse nyane), kahoo li ka khetholloa ho lipalesa tse tona pele li thunya. Ka mefuta ea parthenocarpic, ovary e hola e le botala ntle le peo (ke hore, linotši le likokoana-hloko tse ling ha li hloke peo ea limela ho fumana semela). Ho likomkomere tse tlotsitsoeng ka linotši, kholo ea mae a bomme ('me, ka lebaka leo, sebopeho sa litholoana) e hloka peo ea lipalesa tsa basali ka peo e tsoang lipalesa tsa banna. Palo ea lipalesa tsa basali ka lefito e ka ba 1, 2 (bakeng sa poone e nyalisitsoeng e telele) le tse ling - ho fihla ho 10-12 (bakeng sa likomkomere tsa sehlopha).
Lipalesa tsa banna - ntle le ovary, ka ntle ke lipalesa tse khubelu holim'a li-pedicels tse tšesaane. Moelelo oa tlhaho oa lipalesa tse tona ke peo ea lipalesa tse tšehali (linotši tse tsamaisitsoeng ka polasetiki le karolo ea semonthapo) ho fumana peo. Ka mefuta ea parthenocarpic, li-greenbacks li theha ntle le peo, empa ha li na lipeo; Ho fumana peo ka litholoana tsa parthenocarpic, lipalesa tsa basali li tlameha ho emoloa.
Lipalesa tse tona li thehiloe ka nqa ea bakoe bo ka sehloohong le letlobo la morao, e le molao, ka li-bults - tse 'maloa ka bomong.
Peo ea lipalesa tsa banna e ea tiea, e boima, ha e robale ka ho lekaneng, ke. ho tsamaisoa ke moea ha ho hlahe ka likomkomere, empa ho etsoa feela ke likokoanyana.
Sebopeho sa lipalesa tsa likomkomere
Lipalesa tsa banna li na le calyx, likorale tsa corolla, stamens. Li-stamens tse hlano, tseo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea tsona e qetellang ka peo ea phofshoana - anther, eo ho eona ho hlahisoang lithollo tsa peo e phofo.
Ka lipalesa tsa basali, ho fapana le stamens, ho na le pestle e nang le sekhobo, pilara le ovary. Ovary e tlase, hangata e na le masele a mararo, 'me e na le mela e' maloa ea li-ovules sehlaheng se seng le se seng.
Tšilafalo ea likomkomere
Peō ea likomkomere e hlaha ka sekhahla sa pistil ea palesa ea basali hang-hang, 'me ka mokhoa oa lipalesa tsa peō ea phofo e kenella ka har'a mela ea pestle ka har'a li-ovules tse nang le mahe. Kamora ho pompo ea mahe ka likomkomere tse tsoang polasing ea linotši, ho ba le kholo e sebetsang ea mae a bomme. Ka likomkomere tsa parthenocarpic, mae a bomme a hola ntle le peo.
Lipalesa tsa banna le tsa basali tsa likomkomere maemong a leholimo a matle li buloa hoseng - ha letsatsi le chaba. Haeba letsatsi pele e ne e pholile (hoo e ka bang + 15 ... + 17 ° С) mme ho na le maru, lipalesa li bulehile hantle mme li ka buloa halofo.
Ka lipalesa tse tona, peo e phofo e hula matsatsi a 1-2 pele e buleha. Li-Anthers li bulehile ka letsatsi la lipalesa, empa haeba mocheso oa moea o le ka tlase ho +16 ... + 17 ° C, li-anthers li ka bula feela ka le hlahlamang (mme, ka hona, peo e phofo e ke ke ea emeloa ka letsatsi leo palesa ea monna e bulang).
Peō e phofo e na le ts'ebetso e kholo ho tloha nakong eo lipalesa li buloang ho fihlela lihora tse 11-12 tsa letsatsi, ebe ts'ebetso ea peo e phofo e fokotseha, mme hoseng ho latelang e ka lahleha ka botlalo. Mocheso o nepahetseng oa moea oa pollen ke +20 ... + 30 ° C. Ka mocheso o tlase (+ 14 ... + 16 ° С) le mocheso o phahameng (ka holimo + 40 ° С), liperesente tsa matla a pollen a fokotsehile haholo.
Lipalesa tse tona ka botsona li qeta matsatsi a 1-2, ka mor'a moo lia fela.
Ho thunya ha lipalesa tsa basali ho nka matsatsi a mabeli. Haeba e sa luloe, e boloka ponahalo ea eona e ncha matsatsi a 'maloa, athe' mala oa lipalesa o ea khanya. Ts'ebetsong ea ho tsamaisa peo, lipalesa tse ncha tse thuntsoeng tsa basali le tsa banna lia ameha. Li ka khetholloa ho lipalesa tse ling tse lithunthung letsatsi kapa ho feta pejana, ho latela 'mala o moputsoa oa' mala oa mapolanka oa corolla. Palo e itseng (e nyane) ea litholoana e boetse e boptjoa holim 'a peo ea lipalesa tsa basali letsatsi kamora hore li buloe.
Ho fumana chai e kholo ea likomkomere tse tlotsitsoeng ka linotsi
Haeba mofuta o nyalisitsoeng oa linotši e le oa mofuta oa lipalesa oa basali (ke hore, ho na le lipalesa tsa basali feela lijalo), kapa mofuta oa lipalesa oa basali ka tloaelo (lijalo ke lipalesa tse ngata tsa basali, ho na le lipalesa tse 'maloa tsa banna), ho bohlokoa ho lema karolo ea 10-15% ea pollinator ho fumana sejalo. (Bakeng sa limela tse 9-10 tsa mofuta o moholo oa lebasetere, semela se le seng sa pollinator). Li-pollinator ke mefuta kapa lipalesa tse nyalisitsoeng tsa mofuta o motona, li etsa lipalesa tse ngata tsa banna holima kholo le lipalesa tsa morao.
Ho kenella ka har'a likomkomere ho etsahala ka thuso ea likokoanyana: linotsi, bumblebees, lintsintsi hammoho le likokoanyana. E le hore li-pollinator tsa likokoanyana li khone ho fofa li-green green-ubung, ka thapama (hoseng haholo) makhasi a fensetere le mamati a sethopo sa limela a setse.Ho hohela likokoanyana-tse fetisang limela molemong oa limela, nakong ea lipalesa limela li fafatsoa makhetlo a 1-2 ka beke ka tharollo ea metsi a linotsi kapa tsoekere e granated (1 thispone ka litha e le ngoe ea metsi). Marotholi a 'maloa a oli e nkhang hamonate a ka eketsoa ka tharollo. Ka linako tse ling limela tsa mahe tsa linotsi tse nang le monko o monate o monate li lenngoe holima sethopo: alissum, colza. A le bulehileng, e le busa, likokoanyana tse tsamaisang peo e phofo li ngata.
Tlhahisoleseling e felletseng mabapi le boqapi le tlatsetso ea peo ea meroho ka khetho ea Agrofirm "Manul" ea lijalo tsa temo, likarolo tsa theknoloji ea temo li ka fumaneha webosaeteng: Copyright peo ea lijalo tsa meroho
